洛阳旱地夏玉米生产潜力长周期定量模拟与评价

以洛阳孟津地区气象数据库、土壤数据库、作物数据库和多年田间试验数据库为基础,应用DSSAT作物生长模型估算了当地夏玉米光温生产潜力和光温水生产潜力,并对节水潜力开发现状及途径进行了分析.结果表明,洛阳孟津地区47a夏玉米光温生产潜力为6900.00～15805.00 kg · hm-2,均值为12039.96 kg · hm-2,可作为补灌区平均最高产量的上限参考值;光温水生产潜力为1529.31～13742.00 kg · hm-2,均值为8894.42 kg · hm-2,仅占光温生产潜力82%左右,可作为雨养夏玉米平均最高产量的上限参考值.夏玉米生育期内平均降水量为356.22mm,年际间波动幅度较大,平均水分满足率为71.9%,不同土壤类型及不同降雨年型夏玉米潜在水分利用效率变幅较大,波动范围为8.04～37.46 kg · hm-2 · mm-1,47a均值为26.424 kg · hm-2 · mm-1.近8a旱作夏玉米现实水分利用效率仅占潜在水分利用效率的45.87%,平均光温水生产潜力开发度为47.55%.夏玉米节水潜力非常大,采用合理的节水农业措施,加强农田建设,改善地力状况,增强土壤储水蓄水稳定能力,高效利用降水资源,提高水分利用效率是今后提高夏玉米产量的重要途径.

Long-period quantitative simulation and evaluation of summer maize potential productivity in Luoyang dryland

The DSSAT crop growth model was applied to estimate the summer maize potential photo-temperature productivity and photo-temperate-precipitation productivity, based on a database containing weather, soil, crop varieties, and field trial information from Mengjin in Luoyang. The potential productivity development status as well as the development approach was analyzed. The results show that the range of photo-temperature productivity of summer maize was 6900.00-15805.00 kg?hm-2, and the mean 12039.96 kg?hm-2, which can be used as reference value of average maximum yield in irrigated fields. The range of photo-temperate-precipitation productivity was 1529.31-13742.00 kg?hm-2, and the mean 8894.42 kg?hm-2, which accounted for a photo-temperature productivity of 82%, and can be used as the reference value of average maximum yield in rainfed fields. The average precipitation was 356.22 mm during the summer maize development period, with large annual fluctuations. The water content ratio was 71.9%. Due to different soil types and rainfall years, the range of summer maize potential water use efficiency was 8.04-37.46 kg?hm-2? mm-1; the mean was 26.424 kg?hm-2?mm-1 for 47 years. During the past eight years, summer maize actual water use efficiency only accounted for 45.87% of the potential water use efficiency, and the average development degree of potential photo-temperate-precipitation productivity was 47.55%. The investigation showed that the water-saving potential of summer maize is very large. In the future, it is quite important to use water-saving agriculture measures reasonably and precipitation resources efficiently, to improve the field environment, enhance the stability of the soil water storage capacity, so as to increase water use efficiency and summer maize production.