基于生态系统服务供需的景感尺度特征分析和应用

自然生态系统与人类感知的交互作用是景感生态学关注的焦点,与生态系统服务的供需紧密关联。生态系统、生态过程、生态系统服务以及人的需求均具有一定的时空尺度特征,因此,由这些过程产生的"景感"也具有时空尺度特征,并依赖于这个过程的尺度特征相互作用。梳理生态系统服务供需关系与景感营造规划的尺度特征,探索二者相互联系,进而提出基于景感生态学理论,通过景感营造实现生态系统服务供需平衡的多尺度实现路径。从空间维度,体现从"社区-城市-流域-区域"的多尺度景感规划框架,从应用维度,体现从生态系统服务需求探索-关键指标体系识别-多源谜码数据感知-景感营造与规划设计的具体流程。通过多尺度的联合景感营造,调整自然供给水平与人类不同尺度的生态系统服务需求以期达到平衡,从而实现人类生存环境福利与居民福祉提升的目标。在此基础上,结合雄安新区规划建设实例,从多尺度景感营造的角度为城市绿色生态建设与可持续发展提出优化建议。主要结论：（1）基于"社区-城市-流域-区域"的多尺度景感分析框架,将景感要素与生态系统服务供需思想融入城市规划,在不同尺度上趋善优化,对于实现可持续发展城市规划和管理具有重要指示意义;（2）雄安新区规划设计需更系统和细致地考虑人类感知需求,通过多尺度景感营造设计,共同实现雄安新区的可持续发展与人居环境提升。其中,在社区尺度,需重点关注社区植被配置和居民的休闲游憩;在新区尺度重点关注绿地系统网络构建;在大清河流域尺度重点关注河流健康与水文调节;在京津冀区域尺度需注重山体通风廊道与生态屏障的构建与优化。

Multi-scale characteristics of landsenses ecology and its application based on supply and demand of ecosystem services

The interaction between natural ecosystem and human perception has always been the focus of landsenses ecology, which is closely related to ecosystem services supply and demand. The multi spatio-temporal scale features of "landsenses" is contributed by the scale features of the elements of ecosystem, ecological process, ecosystem services and human needs. From the perspective of landsenses ecology, we discuss and put forward a multi-scale landsenses analysis framework of "community -city -basin- region". Based on the supply and demand process of ecosystem services, the application framework include four aspects of ecosystem service demand exploration, indicator system identification, multi-source code data establishment, and landsenses atmosphere creation and designing. By multi-scale integrated landsenses designing, ecosystem service supply and demand reach a dynamic stability state which is able to improve the environmental quality and human well-being.On this basis, combined with the example of xiong''an new area, we put forward some optimization suggestions for urban green ecological construction and sustainable development from the perspective of multi-scale landsenses.The conclusions are as follows: (1) Based on the multi-scale landsenses analysis framework of "community-city-basin-region", integrating landsenses elements and ecosystem services into urban planning, The optimization of landscape perception elements on different scales is of great significance to the sustainable development of urban planning and management.(2) It is necessary to take human perception into account in Xiong''an new area urban planning, and through multi-scale landsenses designing, improvement of living environment and city sustainable development of Xiongan New Area can be realized.. Among them,at the community scale, we need to focus on the leisure and recreation of community residents; at the city scale, we need to focus on the green space system network; at the basin scale, we need to focus on river health and hydrological regulation; at the regional scale, we need to pay attention to the construction and optimization of mountain ventilation corridor and ecological barrier.