卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境评价

生物的生境是指生物生活繁衍的场所，由生物与非生物环境构成。近几个世纪以来，物种绝灭的速度加快，生物多样性丧失最重要的原因是生物生境的人为破坏。对保持生物的生境评价，是分析这些物种种群减少，濒危原因的重要手段，还能为制定合理的保护对策提供依据。根据大熊猫生境分布特点提出了大熊猫生境结构理论模型，将影响卧龙大熊猫生境质量的因素分为物理环境因素、生物环境因素和人类活动因素，探讨了生境评价的程序与卧龙大熊猫生境评价准则，运用地理信息系统技术与空间模拟方法分析了卧龙大熊猫生境质量。在人类活动影响下，卧龙自然保护区内适宜大熊猫生存的生境面积有57597.3hm^2，其中最适生境面积为6256.1hm^2，主要分布在海拔2300－2800m的平缓山坡与台地。

An assessment of giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve

Wildlife habitat is influenced by biotic and abiotic environmental factors and human activities.Habitat assessment can provide essential information for wildlife refuge design and management.In this paper,the conceptual framework and assessment methods of wildlife habitat with an example of giant panda habitat assessment were discussed.The procedure of wildlife habitat assessment includes (1) analysis of species' habitat requirement,(2)identification of the restricting or leading factors that influence the population and their behavior,(3)establishment of evaluation criteria for each factor and the completion of a suitablility assessment for single factors,and (4)a synthesis of the habitat analysis and evaluation in light of criteria.The key factors affecting the behaviors and reproduction of giant panda were divided into three categories:physical environmental factors,biological environmental factors and impacts from human activities.In Wolong,the giant panda usually lives in slope area of the ranginge of 1 400 m to 3 600 m asl and feeds on Basbania fangiana,Yushania bevipaniculata and Fargesia rebusta under mixed of coniferous and deciduous forests and conifer forests.The competing species are bamboo eating animals such as red panda and bamboo mice.The major human activities that affect the quality of the giant panda's habitat are deforestation,transportation,agricultural activities,forest resource collection and local residents' everyday activities.The assessment results showed that under the restraint of physical environmental factors, 986 09km 2 area, 49 4% of the total area of Wolong Nature Reserve, is suitable for giant panda habitat and 113 27km 2 is highly suitable habitat. From the perspective of biological factors, 856 10km 2 habitat where the giant panda can be distributed, 246 14km 2 are highly suitable habitat for giant panda. Considering both physical and biological suitability, we concluded that in Wolong, 826 14km 2 provide suitable habitat for giant panda, most of them are distributed on the slope area from 2 000 to 3 500 m asl.The impact of deforestation,transportation,agricultural production,and collection of forest resources on panda habitat were analyzed. 445 24km 2 habitat,22 3% of the total area,was affected by human activities.By overlaying the natural habitat suitability distribution and the map of human impacts distribution in Wolong,the suitable habitat for giant panda covers an area of 57597 3 hm 2, of which, 6256 1 hm 2 is highly suitable habitat. Due to the disturbance of human activities, about 250 17km 2 of suitable habitat environment was lost. As a result, the original suitable habitat was reduced by 30%. In the mean time, the transportation routes, agricultural fields and residence along Gengda and Pitiao Valley not only cause direct affects on the habitat of giant panda, but lead to the fragmentation of giant panda habitat. In the long run, this does great harm to the survival and reproduction of giant panda.Because of the interference and destruction by human activities,the existing suitable habitat for giant panda is 575 97km 2,which has a capacity for 156 giant pandas.