长白山风灾景观30年格局变化过程分析

以长白山自然保护区内的由1986年台风形成的风灾景观为研究对象。选取1987年、1993年、1999年、2004年、2010年和2016年遥感影像进行解译。利用Fragstats 4.2软件对景观格局指数进行定量分析，并用主成分分析法与景观综合评价指数相结合的方法对景观格局变化做出综合评价，揭示风灾后30年景观格局变化过程。结果表明：(1)草本-灌木的优势度不断下降；阔叶林和针叶林在恢复过程中先以增加大斑块为主，后期面积增加主要是以小斑块为主；岳桦林恢复过程中先以增加小斑块为主，后期以大斑块连片生长。(2)小而分散的斑块在恢复过程中转换为大而集中的斑块，景观趋于均质化。(3)草本-灌木，阔叶林，针叶林，岳桦林四种斑块类型在恢复过程中呈现一种演替关系。(4)确定了分别与景观规模、形状和景观聚散度相关的两个主成分，作为表征景观恢复性的关键指标。(5)在30年的恢复期中，研究区整体景观格局质量得到提升，但恢复缓慢，与风灾前依然相差较大。(6)多次强风干扰可以形成长白山西、南坡非标准的垂直带谱。

Analysis of the pattern change process of Changbai Mountain wind-damaged landscape in the past thirty years

The wind-damaged landscape formed by the 1986 typhoon in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was studied in this paper. High-definition remote sensing images in 1987, 1993, 1999, 2004, 2010 and 2016 were selected to decode to analyze the change of each patch type in the study area. Fragstats 4.2 was used to quantitatively analyze the landscape pattern indices, and a combination of principal component analysis and comprehensive landscape evaluation index was used to make a comprehensive evaluation to reveal the process of landscape pattern changes 30 years after the wind damage. The results were as follows:(1) the dominance of herbaceous-shrub kept decreasing, but the distribution was homogenous, the patch shape was regular, and the degree of aggregation was high; broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest firstly increased in large patches during the recovery process, and later on the area increase was mainly in small patches, the patch shape of broad-leaved forest tended to be regular, and coniferous forest was complex; Betula ermanii forest firstly increased in small patches, and later on the large patches grew in succession, the shape became more complicated, and there was a trend of contiguous growth. (2) At the landscape level, small and scattered patches were converted into large and concentrated patches in the restoration process, the irregularity of shape increased and the connectivity of the landscape decreased. As the restoration continues, the landscape tended to be homogenized. (3) According to the landscape transfer matrix, herbaceous-shrub patches in the study area would be continuously transformed into arboreal patches, the proportion of herbaceous-shrub gradually decreased, while arboreal increased. Among them, herbaceous-shrub mainly transformed into broad-leaved forest, broad-leaved forest mainly transformed into coniferous forest, and coniferous forest mainly transformed into Betula ermanii forest. The four patch types of herbaceous-shrub, broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, and Betula ermanii forest showed a succession relationship during the restoration process. (4) Through the principal component analysis method, two principal components related to landscape scale and shape and landscape dispersion, respectively, were identified as key indices to characterize landscape restoration. (5) Using the combination of principal component analysis and the comprehensive landscape evaluation index to evaluate the wind-damaged landscape in Changbai Mountain, the results showed that during the 30-year restoration period, the quality of the study area was improved, but the recovery was slow and still differed significantly from that before the wind damage. (6) Multiple strong wind disturbances can form a non-standard vertical band spectrum on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain.