基于生境可获得性的完达山地区马鹿(Cervus elaphus xanthopygus)冬季生境选择

于2004～2005年冬季研究了完达山地区马鹿的生境利用和选择。在野外调查的基础上，获取了研究地区马鹿种群水平上的生境利用数据；利用地理信息系统和遥感技术，从区域尺度上测度了各类生境因子的可获得性。通过比较被利用生境与可获得生境，测度了马鹿冬季对各类生境或生态因子的选择。结果表明，马鹿对植被类型、海拔、坡向、NDVI等级、到公路距离表现出非比例利用，对坡度的利用与其可获得性则没有显著性差异。马鹿选择采伐迹地，低郁闭度生境（第2、3NDVI等级），200～300m海拔区间，南坡，距离公路600～700m的区间。马鹿采食生境和卧息生境对各类因子具有不同的选择性，表现出不同功能生境分离的特征。对于采食生境，马鹿选择采伐迹地、阔叶疏林，低郁闭度（第2、3NDVI等级），南坡；对于卧息生境，马鹿仅选择采伐迹地，低郁闭度（第2、3、4NDVI等级）。根据马鹿活动样点的出现与否，建立了马鹿冬季生境选择的逻辑斯谛回归模型。模型回判结果表明，该模型对马鹿活动样方与对照样方的总体正确预测率为74．4％，对马鹿活动样方的正确预测率为84．2％，对对照样方的正确预测率为62．4％，能够较好的预测生境利用概率。

Habitat selection by wapiti (Cervus elaphus xanthopygus) in the Wandashan Mountains based on habitat availability

In 2004 and 2005, we studied winter habitat use and selection of wapiti in the Wandashan Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS), we measured habitat availability in terms of the area of each habitat category in the study area. We compared winter habitats used by wapiti and their availability. The results showed that the habits used by wapiti were disproportional to their availability. Wapiti preferred clear-cuttings, low vegetation coverage (No.2, 3 NDVI classes), 200-300m elevation range, south aspect, and 600-700 m distance range away from roads. They also showed different preference for feeding and resting. The feeding sites tended to be located at broadleaf stands and clear-cuttings, No. 2, 3 NDVI classes, south slope whereas the bedding sites tended to be clear-cuttings, No. 2, 3, 4 NDVI classes. Using logistic regression model to predict the probability of habitat use by wapiti in winter, we found that the overall prediction accuracy was 74.4% for total habitat plots, with 84.2% for the habitat plots used by wapiti and 62.4% for the control samples correctly predicted by this model.