张家界国家森林公园土地利用格局变化

借助地理信息系统（GIS）技术对张家界国家森林公园1990～2000年土地利用格局变化进行了研究。结果表明：（1）1990～2000年问，张家界国家森林公园保护效果显著。近成过熟林面积基本稳定，1990年97．57％的阔叶近成过熟林、96．77％的马尾松近成过熟林和77．92％的杉木近成过熟林至2000年仍保存良好；未利用地恢复较好、灌木林保护较好，25．38％的未利用地、30％以上的灌木林分别转变为阔叶林、马尾松林或杉木林；中龄林、幼龄林保护较好，很大一部分中龄林、幼龄林分别转变为近成过熟林和中龄林。建议继续强化管理，落实《张家界国家森林公园森林经营方案》，避免重经济利益轻生态环境保护现象发生；（2）森林砍伐、农田侵占现象仍然存在。2000年，100％的马尾松幼龄林由1990年马尾松中龄林转变而来，74．06％杉木幼龄林由杉木近成过熟林转变而来，将近10％未利用地由阔叶近成过熟林或阔叶中龄林转变而来。2000年，11．19％居民点及道路与34．82％经济林均由农田转变而来。建议引导社区积极参与生态旅游，通过开展生态旅游切实提高农民收入，减小社区居民对森林公园的胁迫作用；同时注重耕地资源的保护。

Land use pattern changes from 1990 to 2000 in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

Land use/cover change nearly correlated with global environment change.Tourism development,as an important driving factor of land use/cover,directly influences the land use of tour area.To provide scientific baseline for the optimization of landscape resources,the practices of eco-tourism and sustainable use of land resources,the variational characteristics of land use/cover between 1990 and 2000 in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were studied,based on the technology of geographic information system(GIS).The results showed that: the park was protected efficiently during the period.From 1990 to 2000,the areas of near mature,mature and over mature forests were almost stable,which are 97.57% for broad_leaved forest,96.77% for masson pine forest and 77.92% for Chinese fir forest,respectively.The unused land was restored well.The shrubbery was also well protected.25.38% of the unused land and more than 30% of shrubbery were transferred into broad_leaved forest,masson pine forest or Chinese fir forest,respectively.The young and the middle aged forests were also well preserved.Most of the young and middle aged forests have grown up to middle aged forest and near mature,mature,over mature forests,respectively.The research shows that,on the basis of maintaining the condition of excellent tradition,"the management scheme of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park" should be put into effect continuously.In addition,the result also shows that the phenomena of destroying forests and encroaching farmland still existed.100% of young forests of masson pines in 2000 was from the middle aged masson pine forest;74.06% of young aged Chinese fir forests was from near mature,mature and over mature forests of Chinese fir;almost 10% of unused land was from near mature,mature,over mature broad_leaved forest or middle aged broadleaf forest.Additionally,in 2000,11.19% of residential areas and roads and 34.82% of economic forests were shifted from encroached farmland.Finally,it was proposed that the community should take part in ecological tourism.By doing so,it can improve the living condition of the local residents,strengthen their ecological consciousness,and make them participate in protecting the environment conscientiously.Meanwhile,the resource of cultivated land can be preserved practically by implementing the law of protecting basic farmland.