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城市绿地空间结构对绿地生态场的影响
引用本文:蔺银鼎,韩学孟,武小刚,郝兴宇,王娟,梁锋,梁娟,王志红.城市绿地空间结构对绿地生态场的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3339-3346.
作者姓名:蔺银鼎  韩学孟  武小刚  郝兴宇  王娟  梁锋  梁娟  王志红
作者单位:山西农业大学科技处,山西,太谷,030801
基金项目:国家自然科学基金;山西省自然科学基金
摘    要:国内外对城市绿地生态效应的研究主要有以下3个特点:一是基于GIS技术,在中尺度上(一般以一个城市作为研究对象)开展城市绿地与城市气候的相关分析;二是以绿地斑块为单位,观测比较不同结构绿地内部的小气候效应;三是基于植物蒸腾理论,通过计算绿色生长量估测不同结构绿地内的小气候效应.对自然生态系统的研究结果表明,城市绿地作为一个开放的生物系统,必将通过系统交换对绿地周围的环境产生影响.绿地与非绿地空间的系统交换过程不仅仅与植物的叶面积指数有关,还要受到绿地斑块的大小、几何形状、植物类型、生长密度与高度及周边环境和气候条件等因素的影响.尽管植物生态场理论的研究侧重对植物群落中个体的空间作用,尤其是相邻植物竞争过程的分析,但其理论构架和计算方法有可能为城市绿地生态效应的研究开辟一条新的路径. 试验者在太原市区选择了6个不同空间结构的绿地样地.使用温湿度记录仪观测了绿地周边的温湿度变化,并利用植物生态场理论作了分析.提出用生态场强、场梯度和场幅作为城市绿地生态效应的主要评价指标.其中,场强用绿地内侧5m处的测试数据与对照的差值来表示.其含义为绿地对周边环境温度或湿度的干扰强度.场梯度是指相邻两个数据的差值.场幅即场影响范围. 结果表明,绿地面积、林分和生长量等绿地空间结构因子对绿地的生态场特征都不同程度地产生影响.在其他结构因子相近或相同的条件下,当绿地面积达到一定时,随着面积的进一步增加,绿地降温和增湿的幅度(场幅)有降低的趋势.与片林相比,草坪的增湿效果好于降温效果.分析结果显示,利用生态场理论能够更好地描述城市不同空间结构绿地的生态效应及其差异.

关 键 词:城市绿地  生态场  降温效应  增湿效应
文章编号:1000-0933(2006)10-3339-08
收稿时间:2005-12-14
修稿时间:2005-12-142006-06-15

Ecological field characteristic of green land based on urban green space structure
LIN Yinding,HAN Xuemeng,WU Xiaogang,HAO Xingyu,WANG Juan,LIANG Feng,LIANG Juan and WANG Zhihong.Ecological field characteristic of green land based on urban green space structure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(10):3339-3346.
Authors:LIN Yinding  HAN Xuemeng  WU Xiaogang  HAO Xingyu  WANG Juan  LIANG Feng  LIANG Juan and WANG Zhihong
Institution:Shanxi Agrwultural University, Taigu 030801, China
Abstract:There are three methods used in the studies of the urban green ecological effects at home and abroad: First, by the support of GIS, the analysis of the relationship between the urban green and urban microclimate was developed in the mesoscale level; Second, taking a city as a unit, the microclimate effects in green land of different features can be surveyed; Third, based on the plant transpiration theory the microclimate effects are surveyed and calculated. The results on studies of natural ecosystem showed that as an open ecosystem, urban green land can affect the environment around green land through the system exchange. The system exchange between the green land and non-green land are not only controlled by the plant leaf surface index but also influenced by the area, geometric distribution, forestry, growth yield of the green land, and the environment and climate factors around the green land. Though the plant ecological field theory places emphasis on the spatial relationship among plants, especially on the analysis of competition between plants, but its theoretical framework and method of calculation will be important to the study of eco-effects of urban green land.Six test sample of different spatial structure were selected in Taiyuan city and the temperature and humidity recorded with a meter. The survey data were analyzed by the plant ecological field theory. Some main targets used to appraise urban green land eco-effects put forward, these targets concerned ecological field intensity, ecological field gradient and domain. Ecological field intensity defined as the difference between the data in green land and the control group. This is defined as the disturbance range that grass land causes toward the environmental temperature and humidity around it. Ecological field gradient means the disparity between two of nearest data. Domain of ecological field expresses the influence extent of the ecological field. The result showed that green land area, forestry and green growing-quantity can influence the characteristic to variety agrees on the same or similar condition. When the green land area reached a certain area, the scope of lowering temperature and raising humidity in per unit area became lower with the increases of green area. Comparing with the forestry ecological field, we founded that the effect of raising humidity was better than lowering temperature in turfgrass.
Keywords:urban green land  ecological field  lowering temperature effect  raising humidity effect
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