光照长度对茴香植株生长及精油含量和组分的影响

采用人工遮光的方法,设计3个光照长度:从15:00遮光、17:00遮光和不遮光,研究不同光照长度对茴香生长和精油含量及组分的影响。结果表明:茴香株高、植株节数、鲜重均以17:00遮光较高,不遮光次之,15:00遮光较低;茴香植株干重、全碳含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量和叶绿素a/叶绿素b均随光照长度的增加而增加;全氮含量、蛋白氮含量随光照长度的增加而减小;精油含量(0.61-1.20mL.(100g)-1DM)、单株精油产量(0.007-0.021mL)随光照长度的增加而增加,且处理间差异显著。精油共鉴定出22种成分,不同光照长度处理的茴香精油成分种类没有差别,且大多数成分的相对含量差异不显著。精油第一主要成分反式-茴香脑含量为47.40%-48.51%,第二主要成分柠檬烯含量为31.69%-33.26%,处理之间差异均不显著。

Effect of light length on plant growth, content and component of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

This experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different light length on plant growth, content and component of essential oil in fennel using the method of shading. The experiment included three kinds of light length treatment: shading at 15:00, shading at 17:00 and no shading. The results showed that plant height, number of nodes and fresh weight of fennel plants shaded at 17:00 were the highest, the plants not be shaded were the second, and the plants shaded at 15:00 were the lowest. Plant dry weight, total carbon content, soluble sugar content, Chl.a, Chl.b and CAR. contents and Chl.a/b were all elevated with light length increased, while total nitrogen and proteinic nitrogen contents were contrary to that. Essential oil content and yield per plant were increased with increase of light length, and that, it was significant difference among the three treatments.Twenty-two essential oil compounds were identified, and there were no difference among different treatments.Most of the essential oil component and their relative amount were no significant differences. The content of (E)-anethole, the dominant essential oil compound, was 47.40% to 48.51%, limonene,the second essential oil compound, was 31.69% to 33.26%, there were no significant differences in three treatments.