城市森林调控空气颗粒物功能研究进展

受城市扩张、工业发展、汽车保有量增加的影响,空气颗粒物目前已成为诸多城市空气的首要污染物。而城市森林作为城市生态建设中最大的唯一具有自净功能的生态系统,不仅为城市高污染环境下的居民提供了相对洁净的休闲游憩空间,还对净化空气颗粒物起重要作用。从城市森林调控空气颗粒物的机理、分析方法、植物个体、群落及不同类型城市森林调控空气颗粒物的功能差异及其时空变化规律等方面进行阐述。结果表明:目前有关物理降尘的研究较多,涉及化学除尘的研究尚缺;应用重量法测定植物滞尘量的研究较多,质量浓度法测定城市森林净化空气颗粒物功能的研究较少。在未来一段时间,森林植被化学除尘的过程与机理,城市森林调控空气颗粒物的多方面、系统性研究及相关研究成果的转化与实际应用将会是重要的研究方向。

Research status and prospects on functions of urban forests in regulating the air particulate matter

By the impact of urban expansion, industrial development and increased car ownership, air particulate matters have been becoming the primary pollutant in many cities. As the largest and unique ecological system with a self-cleaning function in urban ecological construction, the urban forest not only provides a relatively clean recreation space for residents in the city under the polluted environment, but also plays an important role in purifying the pollution of air particulate matter. In this paper, the regulating function of urban forests was explicated from several aspects including regulation mechanism, analysis method, and functional variation and spatial-temporal variation pattern of different individuals and urban forest types in regulating the air particulate matter. Results indicated that: there have been relative more studies on regulation mechanism involving in physical dustfull while the study on chemical cleaning of dust is lack; Application of the weight method for determining of vegetation dust retention draws more attention while study on the concentration method application for purifying air particulate matter of the environment in urban forest is relatively less. In the near future, the processes and mechanism of chemical dust-removal by forests, and all-around regulating effects of urban forests should be systematically studied, and transformation and practical application of the research findings will be an important direction.