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基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算
引用本文:崔保山,赵翔,杨志峰.基于生态水文学原理的湖泊最小生态需水量计算[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1788-1795.
作者姓名:崔保山  赵翔  杨志峰
作者单位:北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京,100875
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2003CB415104),国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50239020)~~
摘    要:近几十年来,由于人类活动的加剧以及全球气候的变化,湖泊普遍出现了萎缩、水位下降、水量锐减、湖水盐化、水质污染、富营养化、甚至干涸消亡等状况。确保湖泊生态系统必需的最小水量是解决可能出现的湖泊严重水资源和生态系统危机的区域问题之一。从生态水文学原理出发,对湖泊最小生态需水量的概念进行了探讨,并提出了计算最小生态需水量的3种方法:1曲线相关法;2功能法;3最低生态水位法。在最低生态水位法中,其方法有最低年平均水位法和年保证率设定法。一旦湖泊最小生态需水量得以确定,将为水资源管理部门的水资源合理配置和湖泊管理提供综合性、权威性及可操作性决策依据,为退化湖泊生态系统的恢复与重建提供科学基础。

关 键 词:湖泊  最小生态需水量  计算方法  生态水文学
文章编号:1000-0933(2005)07-1788-08
收稿时间:03 14 2005 12:00AM
修稿时间:2005-03-14

Eco-hydrology-based calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes
CUI Baoshan,ZHAO Xiang and YANG Zhifeng.Eco-hydrology-based calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1788-1795.
Authors:CUI Baoshan  ZHAO Xiang and YANG Zhifeng
Institution:School of Environment; State Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation
Abstract:In the past several decades, people unilaterally emphasize the exploitation of lakes and ignore the frangibility of the ecosystems. A large quantity of unreasonable exploitation activities have emerged, such as land reclamation surrounding lakes, serious loss of the vegetation, irrational building of the hydraulic engineering, insufficient water allocation for ecological purpose in the water resources planning, discharge of the waste water from industry and agriculture, and so on. Therefore, lakes have been facing a number of disadvantageous eco-environmental issues due to the aggravation of human activities and the global climate change, such as shrinkage of areas, descent of water level, reduction of water quantity, salinization of lakes, water pollution, water eutrophication, dried-up and die out of lakes, etc.The minimum ecological water requirement is the necessary water demand to keep lake ecosystems harmonious and stable. The decrease of the ecological water demand will affect the dynamic equilibrium of the lake ecosystems and the normal exertion of its function. Therefore, The guarantee of the minimum ecological water requirement is necessary to solve problems about serious water shortage and crisis of eco-environmental systems in the lakes. According to the principles of eco-hydrology, this paper inquires into the concept about the minimum ecological water requirement of lakes, and puts forward the following calculation methods: a), curvilinear correlation method; b), function method; c), the lowest ecological water level method. Curvilinear correlation method makes use of the correlation of the water and its ecological function to detenmine the minimum ecological water demand of the lake ecosystems; its assumption is that is the critical value of the water ecological demand the water quantity when a catastrophe occurs in the lake ecosystems. For the function method, the minimum ecological water demand is determined based on the function of water resource and quantity of water. The function method is based on the theory of ecology, hydrology, zoology and botany. For the lowest ecological water level method, the minimum ecological water demand is determined based on the correlation of lake area and water level, and determination of the lowest ecological water level is the key factor for this method. This paper puts forward two methods from the view of eco-hydrology. They are the lowest annual average water level method and annual guaranteed frequency method. Finally, this paper compares the different calculation methods and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as its suitable objects. Once the minimum ecological water requirement of a lake is determined, it will provide omnibus, authentic and operational decision-making support for water resources department to manage, plan and allocate water resources. It will also provide scientific basis for the rehabilitation and restoration of the degraded lake ecosystems.
Keywords:lakes  the minimum ecological water requirement  calculating method  eco-hydrology
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