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土壤快速强烈还原对于尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用
引用本文:黄新琦,温腾,孟磊,张金波,朱同彬,蔡祖聪.土壤快速强烈还原对于尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用[J].生态学报,2014,34(16):4526-4534.
作者姓名:黄新琦  温腾  孟磊  张金波  朱同彬  蔡祖聪
作者单位:南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京210023;南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京210023;海南大学农学院, 海口570228;南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京210023;南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京210023;南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京210023;江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室, 南京210023
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41301335,41222005);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20133207120018);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目
摘    要:香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense,FOC)引起的一种世界性的土传病害,每年造成大量的经济损失,目前尚未找到有效的防治办法。实验采取土壤淹水及添加有机物料的方法,抑制土壤中FOC的数量。结果表明:土壤淹水处理在第5天显著增加了土壤的pH值,但随着处理时间的增加,淹水的处理中土壤pH值逐渐下降;土壤淹水及添加有机物料显著降低了土壤中SO2-4和NO-3的浓度;土壤中添加秸秆、猪粪和石灰的处理显著增加了土壤中NH+4的浓度。土壤淹水及添加有机物料对于土壤中可培养细菌数量无显著影响;但显著降低了土壤中可培养放线菌和真菌的数量;土壤淹水及添加秸秆、甘蔗渣和石灰的处理显著降低了土壤中FOC的数量,其中添加高量秸秆处理中FOC的数量下降最多,仅为处理前土壤中FOC数量的2.88%。添加有机物料但未加石灰的处理土壤中总微生物量较处理前相比显著增加。研究表明土壤淹水及添加有机物料是一种可以防控香蕉枯萎病的高效和环保的方法。

关 键 词:土壤还原  尖孢镰刀菌  香蕉枯萎病
收稿时间:2012/12/26 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/6/10 0:00:00

The inhibitory effect of quickly and intensively reductive soil on Fusarium oxysporum
HUANG Xinqi,WEN Teng,MENG Lei,ZHANG Jinbo,ZHU Tongbin and CAI Zucong.The inhibitory effect of quickly and intensively reductive soil on Fusarium oxysporum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(16):4526-4534.
Authors:HUANG Xinqi  WEN Teng  MENG Lei  ZHANG Jinbo  ZHU Tongbin and CAI Zucong
Institution:School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change & Ecological Construction, Nanjing 210023, China
Abstract:Soil-born diseases mainly caused by continuous cropping of monocultures are world-wide problems and seriously restrain the development of contemporary agriculture. Traditionally, farmers use chemical pesticides as a relatively dependable method of protecting plants from soil-borne pathogens. However, increased use of chemical pesticides have several negative effects on the environment and human health and restrictions have increased on use of a variety of chemical pesticides. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and environmentally friendly ways to prevent and control soil-borne diseases. Banana fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (FOC) is a kind of world-wide soil-borne diseases and causes serious economic loss every year. The effective ways to prevent the disease are still not available. The experiment was carried out in October 2012. The study site was located in Ledong, Hainan province, China (18°65' N, 107°79' E). The filed used in the experiment was planted with banana for many years, and had a high Fusarium wilt disease incidence of more than 50%. The experiment contained ten treatments, i.e. (1) untreated soil, (2) disturbed soil, (3) flooding disturbed soil, (4) flooding soil incorporated with rice straw at low rate, (5) flooding soil incorporated with rice straw at high rate, (6) flooding soil incorporated with rice straw at high rate plus lime, (7) flooding soil incorporated with pig manure, (8) flooding soil with bagasse, (9) flooding soil with bagasse plus lime, and (10) flooding soil with lime. The soil pH, contents of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+, and the populations of bacteria, actinomyces, fungi and FOC of the soils were analyzed at 5, 10, and 15 days after flooding and drained. The results showed that the soil pH in the flooding treatments were raised in the fifth day significantly compared with untreated soils and then became gradually declined over treated time. The contents of SO42- and NO3- were decreased significantly, while the content of NH4+ were increased in the soils with straw, pig manure and lime, respectively, under flooding conditions. Flooding the soil incorporated with organic matters significantly reduced the populations of cultivable actinomyces and fungi but not influenced the populations of cultivable bacteria. The populations of FOC were significantly declined in the soils with increasing the rate of incorporated rice straw under flooding condition to 2.88% of untreated soil. Incorporation of bagasse and lime decreased the population of FOC significantly as well, but less effectively than with rice straw did under flooding conditions. Pig manure was not effective to reduce the FOC population. The total amounts of microbe in the treatments applied with organic matters were raised compared with untreated soil. These resluts indicated that anaerobic conditions created by flooding soil incorporated with organic matters not only reduced the FOC population in the soil, but also improved the soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities. It is the first report in China that quickly and intensively anaerobic conditions created by flooding soil incorporated with organic matters effectively reduce the population of plant pathogens within 15 days. Therefore, anaerobic soil disinfection would provide a feasible measure for the control of banana fusarium wilt in agricultural production. Furthermore, the method provides a way to recycling use of crop residues.
Keywords:soil reduction  Fusarium oxysporum  banana fusarium wilt
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