从景观格局分析人为驱动的绿洲时空变化——以天山北坡三工河流域绿洲为例

根据三工河流域1978、1987年航片和1998年TM影像,利用GIS、RS和景观生态的研究方法,主要从绿洲景观格局分析了人为驱动的绿洲变化,包括景观多样性与人类活动的复杂多样性、景观斑块形状与绿洲扩张、斑块破碎化程度与人类活动的强度等。结果表明:(1)绿洲景观多样性总体呈现下降趋势,区域差异性较为明显。人类活动可以显著地改变绿洲景观的多样性。(2)绿洲景观斑块形状总体趋向不规则性和复杂性,但趋势减弱。人类一方面尽力在扩张绿洲外围,增加外围斑快形状的不规则性和复杂性,增加分维数,另一方面也在尽量规划绿洲内部,又使斑块形状趋向规则,降低其复杂性;但近20a,绿洲总体上以外围扩张为主。(3)人类活动强度和支配程度较大的绿洲区域,其景观的破碎化程度总体较高,绿洲中部人类活动强度最大,其景观破碎化程度总体高于人类活动强度较弱的绿洲下部和上部;绿洲斑块密度和景观破碎化程度随时间总体呈下降的趋势;人为引入斑块的破碎化程度普遍高于环境资源斑块的破碎化程度。

Human-induced spatio-temporal changes of oasis through landscape pattern analysis:a case study of oasis in the Sangong River

Among landscape changes, a particular type is the landscape change in an oasis that is isolated in desert surroundings. Due to the available groundwater and runoff from nearby high mountains, oasis areas have higher productivity than the surrounding desert. The landscape changes in oases have been a major concern in Xinjiang province, China. In the past 50 years, large-scale land reclamation and cultivation of water resources in Xinjiang have resulted in tremendous changes in the oases. We have investigated...