社会生态系统及脆弱性驱动机制分析

生态系统与社会经济要素的相互渗透和相互作用形成了社会生态系统复合结构。"社会生态系统"(SES)理念是当今世界生态系统分析的新思路,它立足于社会生态经济综合指标,突出社会生态经济系统的整体性,以人地和谐、综合的思想,分析和解决生态和社会经济问题。社会生态系统脆弱性驱动机制分析和综合研究已成为脆弱性研究的趋势。综述了"社会生态系统"概念、结构、特征和属性,分析了社会生态系统脆弱性内涵,结合"压力-状态-响应"模型(PSR)和"暴露度-敏感性-恢复力"模型,从社会-经济-生态复合系统角度,从风险(压力)、敏感性、应对能力三方面对社会生态系统脆弱性驱动机制进行分析,最后文章对相关问题进行了讨论,并指出了脆弱性驱动机制分析的局限性,提出未来研究的展望。

Social ecological system and vulnerability driving mechanism analysis

The mutual infiltration and interaction between ecological and social economic elements makes the compound structure of social ecological system(SES). SES concept is a new way of thinking in ecological system analysis, which,based on the social-ecological-economic composite indicators, from the perspective of harmonious human-earth relationship and system integration methodology, analyzes and solves ecological and social economic problems,highlighting the integrity of ecological, social and economic system. And driving mechanism analysis of and comprehensive research on SES vulnerability has become the trend of vulnerability research. This paper(1)elaborates the plyability and variability of the threshold value,instability of succession and multiple balance states of SES, the initiative of political, economic and cultural elements, and the driving role of human activities in SES, and analyzes the attributes of SES, including resilience, adaptability, transformation, adaptive cycle and pathological dilemma, cross-scale interaction and panarchy phenomenon. (2)explores the driving mechanism of SES vulnerability, holding that SES vulnerability mainly includes three factors: risk (pressure), sensitivity and adaptability, of which,risk (pressure) is the power driving the system, constitute the SES vulnerability. (3) combining the Pressure-State-Response model(P-S-R) and Exposure-Sensitivity-Adaptability model, builds driving mechanism analysis model of SES vulnerability, where the system pressure, sensitivity and adaptability are respectively droven by lower-level driving factors: (1)Natural risk, planning goals and human disturbance compose risk (pressure) factors of SES vulnerability,which may be generated by disturbance from internal as well as external system, from the social economy as well as natural elements and maybe also from other different time-space scale system, representing the pressure the system exposes to,(2)The natural environment, economic structure, resources utilization, cultural awareness and historical vulnerability determine the sensitivity of SES, reflecting the inherent response characteristics when facing risks.(3)Environmental management and ecological efficiency, science&technology&education, happiness index and community organization affect SES's adaptability to disasters. At last the author discusses the related problems and points out the limitation of the analysis of driving mechanism of SES vulnerability, and puts forward the prospect of future research.