基于生态系统服务的城市生态管理分区——以深圳市为例

生态系统服务是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，开展城市生态系统服务评估并对生态管理单元实行分区管控有助于人居环境的改善。针对高度城市化地区生态系统服务的功能特征，采用生态系统服务价值当量测算不同用地类型的生态系统服务价值。研究从生态功能和经济功能2个方面构建生态系统服务指标体系，对2017年深圳市666个社区单元的生态系统服务价值进行评估；运用空间自相关分析方法，依据局部空间自相关的集聚特征叠加产生的组合类型，划分不同社区生态管理单元，并提出生态分区管控策略。研究结果表明：①生态系统服务价值评估便于高度城市化地区城市生态系统服务功能的整体评价。②2017年深圳市生态系统服务价值空间差异明显，呈现东部高、中西部低的空间格局。深圳市生态系统服务总价值约583.96亿元，最高值为大鹏新区的160.25亿元，最低值为福田区的13.24亿元。③将深圳市666个社区单元划分为4类城市生态管理分区，并采用差异化的分区管控措施，表明有效的城市生态管理分区能够兼顾各项生态系统服务功能并实现功能效益的最优化。该研究结果可为区域生态系统服务精细化管理和生态治理差异化管控提供借鉴。

Urban ecological management division based on ecosystem services: a case study of Shenzhen City

Ecosystem services are the basis of human survival and development. Assessment of urban ecosystem services and zoning of ecological management units can contribute to the improvement of living environment. Based on the functional characteristics of ecosystem services in highly urbanized areas, this paper used ecosystem service value equivalent to calculate ecosystem service value of different land types. The ecosystem service index system was constructed from two aspects of ecological function and economic function, and the ecosystem service value of 666 community units was evaluated in Shenzhen, 2017. Using spatial autocorrelation analysis method, according to the combination types generated by the locally spatial agglomeration characteristics, different community ecological management units were divided, and ecological zoning control strategies were put forward. The results show that: 1) ecosystem service value assessment is convenient for the overall evaluation of urban ecosystem service function in highly urbanized areas. 2) The spatial difference of ecosystem service value was obvious in Shenzhen in 2017, showing the spatial pattern of high in the east and low in the central and western regions. The total value of ecosystem service in Shenzhen was about 58.396 billion yuan, the highest value was 16.025 billion yuan in Dapeng New District, and the lowest value was 1.324 billion yuan in Futian District. 3) The 666 community units were divided into 4 kinds of urban ecological management zones, and the differentiated zoning control measures were adopted, which shows that the effective urban ecological management zones can take into account the various ecosystem service functions and realize the optimization of the functional benefits. The results of this study are valuable for the scientific management of regional ecosystem services and the differentiated management of ecological governance.