中国海洋生态保护制度的转型发展--从海洋保护区走向海洋生态红线区

海洋生态环境的持续恶化与生态学认知的提高使海洋生态红线区管理制度成为必然。总结了中国海洋保护区现状与存在问题;分析了发展海洋生态红线的必要性、区划原则、概念及组成体系;提出海洋保护区与海洋生态红线区可分别籍空间统一性、决策统一性、工作内容与管理要求的一致性相关联,海洋保护区的核心、关键和重要因素与海洋生态红线的范围划定、宏观应对策略制定、微观管理规定一一对应。对海洋保护区管理向海洋生态红线区划与管理的转变给出了若干建议,认为海洋生态红线区划指标体系可以参照海洋保护区绩效评估、保护区选划与评估指标;并从海洋生态红线的尺度,陆海统筹的生态系统格局-结构\过程-机理,复杂生态系统与海洋生态红线的结合,海洋生态红线基点观测等方面对海洋生态红线的研究和工作方向进行了展望。

Reform of the marine ecological protection system in China: from marine protected areas to marine ecological redline regions

With the sustained deterioration of marine ecosystems and environment and the improvement of ecological theory, management of the marine ecological redline regions (MERRs) becomes inevitable. We summarize the status and problems of the marine protected areas (MPAs) in China and analyzed the requirements, principles, concepts and system of the MERRs. We suggest that the MPAs and MERRs can be correlated by the similarities in the spatial unity, decision consistency, work contents and management of the objects. The boundary determination, policy decision and management regulation of the MERRs could in respect to the kernel factor, critical factor and important factor of the MPAs. We suggest the methods for the MERRs management at the level of the marine ecosystem, species and habitat. The index system of MERRs zoning can refer to the MPAs selected and evaluated indices. The scale of MERRs, the pattern-structure-process-mechanism of the land-sea ecosystem, combining of complex ecosystem and MERRs, and observation of MERRs base station are the aspects that should be focused on in the future.