水文情势与盐分变化对湿地植被的影响研究综述

湿地植被是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分。水文情势与盐分变化直接影响到湿地植被的分布与演替。目前,全球气候变化和人类活动导致的水文情势改变与盐分聚集已造成大面积的湿地退化和盐渍化,已严重威胁全球淡水湿地生态系统的稳定和健康。系统总结了水文情势与盐分变化单一环境变量及其交互作用对湿地植物生理生态、物种多样性、群落结构与演替和植被动态等诸多方面的影响研究进展,并探讨了湿地水文动态-盐分变化-植被响应的综合模型研究现状,认为发展湿地综合模型预测未来水文情势与盐分变化情景下湿地演变,是应对气候变化湿地水盐管理和生态保护的重要工具,最后指出今后亟需加强的研究方向。

The effects of changes in hydrological regimes and salinity on wetland vegetation: a review

Vegetation is an important component of wetland ecosystem. Changes in water regime and salinity can directly affect the distribution and succession of wetland vegetation. Globally, the changes in water regime and salinity (due to climate change and/or human activities) have caused general degradation and salinization of natural wetlands, making a serious threat to the ecological health of freshwater wetlands. This paper firstly summarizes the current progress of studies on water regime, salinity, and the interactive effect of water regime and salinity on wetland plant physiological ecology, diversity of species, structure and succession of community and vegetation dynamic. Secondly, discussions are made on the efficacy of an integrated model for evaluating wetland hydrology, hydrodynamics, and salinity change and vegetation response. The integrated model is found to be a valuable tool to predict the development and evolution wetland ecosystems, provide an indicator about how to manage and control water and salinity to protect the ecosystem and cope with future climate change. Finally, important knowledge gaps are indentified, and future research directions relative to wetland hydrology and plant ecology are recommended.