工业运输活动对周边荒漠草原植物多样性与土壤性状的影响

研究工业运输活动释放出的重金属元素对周边荒漠草原植被群落特征和土壤性状的关系，为工业活动影响下的荒漠草原植被恢复和重建提供科学依据。以宁夏盐池县高沙窝工业集中区邻近的荒漠草原为研究对象，结合前期土壤和降尘的重金属含量，根据内梅罗污染指数划分了五个污染梯度(梯度Ⅰ、梯度Ⅱ、梯度Ⅲ、梯度Ⅳ和梯度Ⅴ),采用野外调查和室内分析的方法，对比分析了不同污染梯度下的植被群落特征与土壤性状的关系。结果显示：在前三个污染梯度下物种组成相对较多，禾本科(Gramineae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)和菊科(Compositae)为优势科。其中，牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)和短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)的重要值分别为59.41和44.26,是研究区工业生产和交通运输影响下的主要物种。随着污染梯度的升高，植物群落均匀度指数显著下降(P<0.05),工业交通运输活动造成研究区荒漠草原植被组成单一，群落结构不稳定。表层土壤养分受重金属影响波动较大，土壤全氮和有机质是影响物种多样性指数的主要土壤因子，随着污染梯度的升高显著降低(P...

Effects of industrial transportation activities on plant diversity and soil properties in the surrounding desert steppe

Heavy metal elements released during industrial transportation have an impact on the vegetation community and soil properties of the desert steppe. The study of vegetation and soil could provide a scientific basis for the restoration and reconstruction of desert steppe vegetation under the influence of industrial activity area. The desert steppe around the Gaoshawo Industrial Concentration Zone in Yanchi County, Ningxia was selected as the experiment plot. Based on the accumulated heavy metal contents in soil and dust in the early stage, five pollution gradients (gradient I, gradient II, gradient III, gradient IV and gradient V) were divided according to the Nemerow pollution index. The relationship between vegetation community characteristics and soil properties under different pollution gradients was compared and analyzed by means of field investigation and indoor analysis. The results showed that the species composition was relatively abundant in the first three pollution gradients, and Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae and Compositae were the dominant families. Among them, Lespedeza potaninii and Stipa breviflora were the main species under the influence of industrial production and transportation in the study area, whose important values were 59.41 and 44.26, respectively. Moreover, with the increase of pollution gradient, the evenness index of plant community decreased significantly (P<0.05), manifested by single vegetation composition and unstable community structures due to industrial transportation activities. The surface soil nutrients fluctuated greatly under the influence of heavy metals, and total soil nitrogen and organic matter with heavy metals were the main soil factors affecting the species diversity index, which decreased significantly with the increase of the pollution gradient (P<0.05). Thus, it suggests that the industrial transportation activities in the Gaoshawo Industrial Zone significantly affect the desert steppe plant diversity and topsoil properties.