长春市不同土地利用生境土壤螨类群落结构特征

2003年7月和9月对长春市郊区天然次生林、农田、防护林和市区公园绿地等典型土地利用生境进行土壤螨类调查，Tullgren法提取土壤螨类，应用个体密度、类群数量、群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度、甲螨群落MGP分析和捕食性螨类MI等指数，研究土壤螨类的群落生态结构特征，了解土地利用差异对土壤螨类群落结构的影响。研究区共捕获土壤螨类3亚目92属8703只，其中隐气门亚目（Cryptostigmata）54属5091只，前气门亚目（Prostigmata）17属1582只，中气门亚目21属2030只。研究结果表明：长春市土地利用差异对土壤螨类群落结构特征影响明显，其中地表凋落物的移除和耕作活动是影响螨类群落结构的主要因素，地表凋落物的移除显著减少螨类群落的类群数、个体密度、群落多样性和丰富度，耕作活动促进螨类个体向土壤剖面下层移动，而地表植物群落类型对土壤螨类群落生态结构特征影响差异不显著。

The characteristics of community structure of soil mites from different habitats in Changchun area

The soil mites from different habitats i.e. Natural secondary forest, Farm-land, artificial secondary forest, Three-North Forest Shelterbelt etc. in Changchun Metropolitan area were investigated. The soil mites were extracted through Tullgren extractor and were identified to the genus level. A total of 8703 soil mite individuals was captured and fell into 92 genera. The characteristics of soil mite community structure was analyzed by using individual density, number of taxon, diversity, abundance, and evenness as well as MGP analysis and MI index. The results suggest that the land-use types affect the community structures of soil mites significantly, and litter removal and cultivation are the main factors in play. Litter removal considerably decreased the numbers of soil mite taxon, abundance and diversity, and cultivation changes vertical distribution of soil mite individual density in the soil profile and accelerate them move to the lower soil layers. The studies also suggest that the type of vegetation aboveground appear to have little influence on the ecological structures of soil mite community.