长白山高山苔原带蛾类物种组成及其时间动态

长白山高山苔原带环境条件恶劣,通过对高山苔原带蛾类研究,揭示蛾类物种组成以及时间变化,可为研究蛾类对苔原极端生境的适应能力,以及蛾类在维持苔原带生态平衡中的作用提供依据。2005-2007年和2019年,每年的6、7、8月,在长白山高山苔原带利用灯诱采集蛾类标本,分析蛾类的物种组成以及时间动态。共采集蛾类1585头,隶属于13科126种,夜蛾科（Noctuidae）为优势类群,绿组夜蛾（Anaplectoides prasina）和一色兜夜蛾（Cosmia unicolor）为优势种,稀有种较多。蛾类的种-多度分布接近生态位优先假说。7月份蛾类的物种数、个体数最多,丰富度指数、多样性指数都最高,但均匀度指数却最低。不同种类对时间的反应表现出一定的差异,黄绿组夜蛾（Anaplectoides virens）对8月,厉切夜蛾（Euxoa lidia）对6月的适应力相对较强。各物种的顺序日期存在一定的差异性,只有10种蛾类在3个月份都被采集到。研究表明,长白山高山苔原带蛾类的多样性较低,成虫活跃期较短;不同类群的蛾类在苔原环境中显示出差异化的适应性,夜蛾科的适应能力超过其它类群,尺蛾科（Geometridae）的适应性相对较低,蛾类对时间的变化反应比较敏感。

Species composition and temporal dynamic of moths in alpine tundra in Changbai Mountain

The environmental condition was very bad in alpine tundra in Changbai Mountain. The species composition and temporal variation of moths were revealed by the study of moths in alpine tundra. It would provide the basis for moth''s adaptive capacity to tundra extreme habitat and the role of moth in maintaining ecological balance in the alpine tundra. The moths specimens were collected by light trap in tundra in June, July, and August, the species composition temporal dynamics were analyzed from 2005 to 2007, and 2019. In total 1585 specimens were collected belong to 13 families, 126 species. Noctuidae was dominant group, Anaplectoides prasina and Cosmia unicolor were dominant species, and rare species were very rich in this study. The distribution of species-abundance of the moths closed to the niche hypothesis. The species number, individual number, richness index, and diversity index were the highest, but evenness of species was the lowest in July. The reactions of different groups to time showed some differences. The adaptive capacity of Anaplectoides virens was relative strong in August and Euxoa lidia was relative strong in June. The ordinal dates of each species was certain differences. Only 10 species of moths were collected in all 3 months. The environmental conditions were very bad, the diversity of moths were very low, and the activity time of moths adults were short in alpine tundra in Changbai Mountain. The different groups of moth in the tundra environment showed the different adaptability. The adaptability of Noctuidae was stronger than that of other groups, but the adaptability of Geometridae was relative low. The moths were sensitive to time change.