基于最小累积阻力模型的东北地区生态安全格局构建

生态安全格局对于缓解生态保护与经济发展之间的矛盾具有积极意义。以东北地区为研究对象,综合参考《生态保护红线划定技术指南》、《全国生态功能区划》以及东北地区自然资源禀赋和社会经济发展水平,基于水源涵养、防风固沙、生物多样性维持与保护等功能指标和敏感性指标划分生态源地;利用夜间灯光数据修正基本生态阻力面,并运用最小累积阻力模型划分缓冲区、识别生态廊道和生态战略节点,从而构建东北地区生态安全格局。结果表明:东北地区生态源地总面积为6.50×10⁵km²,占全区土地总面积的45.02%,包括18个生态源地,主要分布在大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长白山脉和西部草原的部分区域;划分了高、中、低3个水平缓冲区,关键生态廊道中心线总长11073.52km,生态战略节点29个,在东北地区形成以生态源地为中心的网状空间布局。结果可为保障区域生态系统服务功能和可持续发展政策的制定提供科学参考。

Construction of ecological security pattern in Northeast China based on MCR model

Ecological security pattern is important for alleviating contradiction between the ecological protection and economic development. In this paper, we chose Northeast China as the research object and comprehensively referred to Technical Guideline for Demarcating the Red Line of Ecological Protection, National Ecological Function Division, and the level of natural resources and socio-economic development. Firstly, the ecological sources were divided based on the functional and sensitive indicators of water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, biodiversity maintenance and protection. Then the basic ecological resistance surface was modified by night light data, and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to divide buffer zones, identify ecological corridors and strategic nodes, so as to construct the ecological security pattern in Northeast China. The results showed that the ecological source area of Northeast China was 650000 km², accounting for 45.02% of the whole region. The area included 18 ecological sources, which mainly distributed in Daxing''anling Mountains, Xiaoxing''anling Mountains, Changbai Mountains, and part of the western grassland. Based on MCR model, we divided high, middle, and low buffer zones. The total length of the central line of the key ecological corridors was 11073.52 km and 29 ecological strategic nodes were identified. And all these formed a network spatial layout between ecological sources in Northeast China. We expected the results could provide some scientific reference for the regional ecosystem services and the formulation of sustainable development policies.