滨海湿地生态系统土壤微生物及其影响因素研究综述

土壤微生物是滨海湿地生态系统中不可或缺的关键组分,在土壤发育、物质循环和污染物净化等诸多土壤生态过程中发挥着重要作用,对滨海湿地生态系统的维持与健康具有重大影响。系统梳理了滨海湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征和多样性,综述了土壤理化性质、植被状况、水文因素、生物入侵、全球变化、湿地开垦、石油污染等因素对滨海湿地土壤微生物的影响。在此基础上,对今后的研究重点提出了4个方面的展望:(1)加强全球变化多因子交互作用下滨海湿地土壤微生物的响应机制;(2)强化滨海湿地土壤微生物与环境因子的互作机理;(3)深化滨海湿地水动力条件对土壤微生物的影响机制;(4)开展土壤微生物与滨海湿地生态系统物质循环综合研究。研究以期为滨海湿地生态系统的保护和修复提供参考。

Progress and prospect of soil microorganisms and their influencing factors in coastal wetland ecosystem

As an indispensable component in coastal wetland ecosystem, soil microorganisms play an important role in many soil ecological processes, such as soil development, material circulation and pollutant purification, and have a significant impact on the maintenance and health of coastal wetland ecosystems. In this paper, the structure and diversity of soil microbial community in coastal wetlands were systematically reviewed, and the effect of influencing factors such as soil physicochemical properties, vegetation status, hydrological status, biological invasion, global change, wetland reclamation, and oil pollution on soil microorganisms in coastal wetlands were summarized. On this basis, four perspectives are proposed for the future research: 1) strengthening the response mechanism of soil microorganisms in coastal wetland under the interaction of multiple factors of global change; 2) strengthening the interaction mechanism of soil microorganisms and environmental factors in coastal wetland; 3) deepening the influence mechanism of hydrodynamic conditions on soil microorganisms in coastal wetland; and 4) carrying out the comprehensive research on soil microorganisms and material circulation of coastal wetland ecosystem. This study is expected to provide reference for the protection and restoration of coastal wetland ecosystems.