天山林区土壤真菌多样性及其群落结构

土壤真菌群落结构对森林生态系统功能的维持具有重要作用,目前对天山林区土壤微生物的种类和群落结构了解甚少。为了解天山不同植被类型下土壤真菌的群落动态及优势菌属,使用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,研究天山林区根际土与非根际土中真菌群落组成及多样性。结果表明:(1)对有效序列进行OTU聚类(operational taxonomic unit)后共得到14121个OTUs,经注释划分为7个门、33个纲、109个目、255个科、444个属、677个种;(2)子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子囊菌门(Basidiomycota)是天山植物的优势菌门,灌丛中相对丰度较高的有帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)、鬼笔属(Lysurus)、Microidium;云杉林中相对丰度较高的属有镰刀属(Fusarium)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe);(3)灌丛与云杉林土壤真菌的群落结构和丰富度有显著差异,灌丛土壤真菌的多样性和丰富度更高,云杉林中阴坡的土壤真菌丰富度较高而阳坡和林窗较低;(4)丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)、赤霉属(Gibberella)、镰刀属(Fusarium)与云杉的生长可能具有密切的关系。本文推测,根际土壤真菌的多样性和丰富度较低可能是导致云杉幼苗成活率低等更新障碍的问题。

Soil fungal diversity and its community structure in Tianshan Forest

The soil fungal community structure is critical toward maintaining the function of the forest ecosystem. Little is currently known about the types and community structure of soil microorganisms in the Tianshan Forest Region. Using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, the composition and diversity of fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil in the Tianshan Forest Region were studied. The results showed that: (1) A total of 14121 OTUs were obtained after OTU clustering of valid sequences, which were divided into 7 phyla, 33 classes, 109 orders, 255 families, 444 genera, and 677 species; (2) Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant phyla amongst the Tianshan plants. Sarocladium, Lysurus, and Microidium are relatively abundant genera amongst the shrubs and Fusarium, Gibberella, and Inocybe are relatively abundant genera in the spruce forest; (3) The community structure and richness of soil fungi in shrub and spruce forests are significantly different along with diverse fungi in shrub soil. The abundance of soil fungi is higher in the shady slopes of the spruce forest and lower in the sunny slopes and forest windows; (4) Inocybe, Mortierella, Gibberella, Fusarium, and spruce growth may be closely related. This study speculates that low diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil fungi may result in regeneration issues, such as the low survival rate of spruce seedlings.