北京城区气传花粉季节分布特征

研究北京城区气传花粉种类、数量及季节消长规律,为防治花粉症及建设合理城市绿地提供有效资料.应用Burkard采样器于2010年12月31日至2011年12月31日对北京城区气传花粉浓度进行监测,并对花粉浓度进行统计学分析.研究结果显示,2011年北京城区的花粉季节从3月20日起始,至10月18日截止,持续213d,占全年天数的58％；全年花粉含量月分布呈现两个高峰,第1个高峰为3-4月,主要花粉为木犀科、杨属、柳属等树木花粉,占全年花粉总量的30％；第2个高峰为8-9月,主要花粉为菊科、藜科及苋科等莠草花粉,占全年花粉总量的50％;2011年度北京城区最具代表性的气传花粉来自于菊科,比重占了收集到气传花粉的35％.研究结果还表明,秋季的气传花粉致敏性强,所以北京花粉症的高发季节主要集中在秋季,以8-9月为最高,其中有95％的病人在此期间出现花粉症症状.花粉浓度及飘散规律受当地植被状况及气候等多种因素影响,因此,北京城区空气中气传花粉飘散种类、数量及季节分布规律的调查结果,可以为本地区花粉症防治及绿化品种的选择提供可靠依据.

Seasonal dynamics of airborne pollen in Beijing Urban Area

In order to provide the references for appropriate construction and protection of urban green system and reliable prevention and control of tropic pollinosis, the seasonal dynamics of species and quantity of airborne pollens were investigated in Beijing urban area. With a Burkard volumetric trap, airborne pollens were sampled from December 31st 2010 to December 31st 2011. Through the whole year of 2011 the total quantity of pollens amounted to 136 858 grains, and the pollen dispersion period lasted 213 days from March 20^th to October 18^th, accounting for 58% of the year. Two peaks of pollen concentration in air were observed, which happened from March to April and from August to September. In the spring peak, the major airborne pollens were tree pollens such as Oleaceae, Populus and Salix pollens, accounting for as much as 30% of the total annual pollen amount. While in the autumnal period, weed pollens such as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae pollens made up the second peak of pollen air concentration, and the amount of pollens accounted for 50% of the annual total value. In summer, the blooming flowers were generally entomophilous while in winter the plants and the flowers seared, resulting in low values of airborne pollen concentration in these periods. The results also indicated that the airborne pollens caught in autumn were of high allergenicity, which caused a high incidence of tropic pollinosis in autumn, with a peak from August to September and 95% of the patients with obvious symptoms recorded in this period. The composition of airborne pollens changed considerably compared with the reported pattern in 1980s, which might be attributed to extensive construction of parks, roads and communities in the past 30 years. It was further suggested that the dispersion characters and air concentration of pollen were largely determined by local vegetation and climatic condition. The results and findings of this investigation can provide reliable data for protection and treatment of tropic pollinosis as well as the varieties choice of city plants.