神农架川金丝猴栖息地森林群落的数量分类与排序

在神农架川金丝猴生境典型地段设立样方58块,根据样方资料对神农架川金丝猴栖息地的森林群落用组平均法分类和DCA排序.用组平均法将58块样地分为9个群系,依据《中国植被》的分类原则和系统将研究区植物群落划归为7个植被型.样地的DCA排序较好地揭示了该区森林群落的分布格局与环境梯度的关系；DCA第二轴明显地反映出森林群落的海拔梯度变化,沿DCA第二轴从右到左,海拔逐渐升高；第一轴表现了各植物群落或植物种所在环境的坡度、坡向,即水分和光照因素,沿第一轴从下到上,坡度渐缓、坡向渐向阳.其中海拔梯度是环境因子中对森林群落起决定性作用的因子.研究表明,巴山冷杉+糙皮桦-大齿槭+尾萼蔷薇-高原露珠草+星果草群系发育较好,高大树木占有较大的比例,是神农架川金丝猴最适宜栖息地.7个植被型物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上呈规律性波动.其中针叶林和针叶-阔叶混交林中,物种丰富度指数在群落梯度上的总体趋势表现为灌木层＞草木层＞乔木层；在常绿阔叶林和常绿-落叶阔叶混交林中,该趋势为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层；在落叶阔叶林中,其丰富度指数的趋势为灌木层＞草本层和乔木层.不同植被类型川金丝猴食源植物种类在群落梯度上的变化趋势与物种丰富度指数相同,但地衣类植物作为川金丝猴冬季的重要食物只在针叶林和针叶-阔叶混交林中生长.本研究为制定栖息地保护计划,更好地保护神农架川金丝猴提供了科学理论依据.

Numerical classification and ordination of forest communities in habitat of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Quantitative research on ecological relationships at landscape and region scales between vegetation and the environment factors became one of the focuses of vegetation science. In this research a standardized sampling method was used to evaluate the habitat of forest communities in habitat of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Hubei Shennongjia National Nature Reserve. Data of investigated plant plots was analyzed by the methods of average linking clustering and distended correspondence analysis (DCA). 58 investigated plant plots were divided into 9 groups and attributed to 7 vegetation types according to the principle and system of classification in Vegetation of China. While the results of DCA revealed that the plant communities were gradually changed with environmental gradients. The results of DCA ordination indicate that the main factors that restricted distribution of the communities were temperature and humidity in habitat of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve. The result of the ordination of species and quadrats were compared and it showed that the ordination plot of the dominant species was in gradients. All these results show that the main factors restricting distribution of the communities is gradient of altitude in this habitat. It was in favor of interpreting the ecological meaning of the ordination axes.The second axis expressed the gradient of altitude among the communities,and the first axis represented the gradient in aspect and slope among the communities. The results indicated that Form. Abies fargesii+Betula utilis-Acer megalodum+Rosa caudata-Circaea alpine+ Asteropyrum peltatum in the area is the best habitat for Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Shennongjia because it is developed very well and the tall trees have a large proportion. The trend of richness index changed with environmental gradients. The trend of richness index in the cold temperate coniferous forest and coniferous-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in different layer along the community is shrub >herb>tree. The trend is shrub > tree > herb in the evergreen broadleaf forest and the evergreen broadleaf forest- deciduous broadleaf mixed forest and the trend is shrub >herb and tree in the deciduous broadleaf forest. Species of food plants of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in different forest type changed with environmental gradients has positive correlation with the trend of richness index, but Lichens plants which is the most important food for Sichuan snub-nosed monkey only grow in coniferous forest and coniferous-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest. The results of this research could provide a sound basis for reserve management and planning of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve.