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我国环境功能评价与区划方案
引用本文:王金南,许开鹏,迟妍妍,王晶晶,张箫,陆军,王夏晖.我国环境功能评价与区划方案[J].生态学报,2014,34(1):129-135.
作者姓名:王金南  许开鹏  迟妍妍  王晶晶  张箫  陆军  王夏晖
作者单位:环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012;环境保护部环境规划院环境区划中心, 北京 100012
基金项目:国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(2012467044,201309063);环境保护部环境功能区划专项(1441101800044)
摘    要:我国地区间自然环境和社会经济发展差异悬殊,主体发展功能和环境功能定位各不相同。从环境功能的角度出发,统筹考虑各环境要素,建立基于环境功能区划的环境管理制度具有重要的理论和现实意义。采用RS与GIS技术的空间评价方法,构建了基于环境功能评价和主导因素法的环境功能区划技术体系,在对全国自然生态环境及社会经济发展科学评估的基础上,充分衔接现有的相关区划与规划,明确全国环境功能区划方案。国土面积的53.2%划为自然生态保留区和生态功能保育区,为国民经济的健康持续发展提供生态安全保障;国土面积的46.8%划为食物环境安全保障区、聚居环境维护区和资源开发环境引导区,主要从事农业生产、城镇化和工业化开发以及资源开发利用,是国民经济和社会发展活动的主要集中地区,重点维护人群健康。环境功能区划是改变环境保护目标制定和考核中"一刀切"现象的基础性研究,实行环境分区管理和分类指导,促进实现环境保护管理战略转型。

关 键 词:环境功能  区划技术  区划方案  环境管理
收稿时间:2013/10/10 0:00:00
修稿时间:2013/12/10 0:00:00

The environmental function assessment and zoning scheme in China
WANG Jinnan,XU Kaipeng,CHI Yanyan,WANG Jingjing,ZHANG Xiao,LU Jun and WANG Xiahui.The environmental function assessment and zoning scheme in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(1):129-135.
Authors:WANG Jinnan  XU Kaipeng  CHI Yanyan  WANG Jingjing  ZHANG Xiao  LU Jun and WANG Xiahui
Institution:Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;Center for Environmental Zoning, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract:The differences in natural environment and social economic development between regions are distinct, and the main development features and environmental function orientation are all different. From the perspective of environmental function, planning as a whole to consider all environmental elements, building environmental management system based on environmental function division has important theoretical and practical significance. This study presents the connotation of environment function. Environment function is the overall definition of the elements of the environment, and its constructed system for human beings existence, human beings lives and production. The environment function includes two parts: protect natural ecological security and maintain health human living environment. According to the connotation of environment function, this study creates an evaluation index system of environmental function from three categories: protect natural ecological security, maintain health human living environment and supporting capacity of regional environment. This study constructed environmental function division technology system based on environmental function evaluation and leading factor method with RS and GIS technologies. On the basis of scientific assessment of natural environment and social economy development, fully join existing relevant zonings and planning, it established the scheme of environmental function zoning in China. The result showed that: there were 53.2% of the land areas divided into natural reserving zone and ecological functional conservation zone, to provide ecological security of the national economy sustainable development. In addition, there were 46.8% of the land areas divided into food provided environment security zone, living environment maintenance zone and resources development environment constraint zone. These zones are mainly engaged in agricultural production, urbanization and industrialization development and resources development and utilization. Additionally, they are mainly concentrated areas of national economic and social development, and the key of environmental function is to maintain population health. Among environmental management measures for different types of zones, "management according to law, mandatory protection" was insisted on the natural ecological reserved zone, according to various kinds of area protection law, mandatorily protect this zone. Ecological function conservation zone carried on the "conservation priorities, maintain pressure, moderate development". Development should not affect the ecological function of the tourism industry. However, restricting large-scale industrialization and urbanization, and controlling the development intensity are necessary in this zone. The food provided environment security zone implemented "protect base and safety development". Started at ensuring the environmental security of agricultural product, and then carried out appropriate industrial and coastal development and construction, and promoted the orderly urbanization. Settlements environment maintenance zone carried out that "people-oriented, optimizing the development", guided optimization of the layout of the development and construction, promoted coordinated economic and social development and ecological environment. Resources development environment constraint zone implemented that "advance planning, orderly development", it focused on the long-term development of economy and society, regulated various resources development order, and improved resource used efficiency. Environmental function zoning is the basic research of changing of "one size fits all" phenomenon during the environmental protection goal formulation and examination, and it can be used for the controlling the environmental quality and total quantity of pollutant emission, as well as provided the evidence for the policy of industrial environment to implement the access of different functional zones. To implement environmental regionalized management and classified guidance, environmental function zoning is benefit of promoting strategic transformation of environmental protection management.
Keywords:environmental function  zoning method  zoning scheme  environmental management
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