基于复合生态系统理论的海洋生态监控区区划指标框架研究

海岸带是海陆生态系统的交错带,其生态系统对社会经济发展和全球变化敏感、脆弱。随着沿海各省市新一轮开发规划的实施,近岸海域生态环境面临巨大压力,海洋生态管理面临着新的经济、环境问题,海洋生态监控区需要进行适应性调整。海洋生态监控区,指依据海洋生态特征和问题冲突特点而确定的、通过生态监测和评价而提出的用于保护管理和开发利用调控的海洋区域。海洋生态监控区是基于生态系统的海洋管理的重要手段,是海洋生态系统管理的重要基础。基于复合生态系统理论,从自然视角、经济视角和社会视角3个方面深入分析了海洋生态重要性区域的内涵,并结合生态社会与生态系统服务描述了海洋生态监控区内涵;结合沿海社会经济发展新趋势和海洋生态系统管理需要,从管理学、生态学、管理对象及管理实施等方面探讨了海洋生态监控区区划的原则;分析了影响海洋生态监控区的主要因素,结合近岸海域生态系统主要服务功能,构建了区划指标体系,包括自然环境、生态系统和社会经济和三大方面14个指标。

Reseach of index system framework in marine ecology monitoring & regulation areas division based on complex ecosystem of nature-human-society

Coastal zone is the transition zone of marine ecosystem and land ecosystem. Coastal ecosystem is fragile and sensible to global climate change, and environmental pressure from economy development. Now, new pressure and environment questions come from the new marine economy development activities through all provinces along Chinese coastal. Marine ecology monitoring & regulation area(MEMRA) should to be adjusted according to the circumstances. MEMRA is the effective method of evaluating the pressure and environmental questions, the foundation of management based on marine ecosystem. MEMRA is an area for ecological protection and regulation, decided by marine ecology characteristics and environments questions, the regulation is provided by assessment of the ecological data from this area. In this paper, based on the theory of nature-human-society, eco-society and ecosystem service, discussing the concepts of marine ecology important area and MEMRA from nature and economy and society views. Based on management, ecology, and environmental questions, discussing the principles of MEMRA division. Based on marine ecosystem services, management factors, discussing 14 indices for MEMRA division, including natural environment indices, ecology indices, society and economy indices.