四川鞍子河保护地水鹿和羚牛栖息地适宜性评价与重叠性分析

水鹿(Rusa unicolor)和羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)是国家重点保护野生动物,了解和掌握濒危物种的空间分布格局和对栖息地的利用特征是制定相关保护和管理策略的前提和基础。利用红外相机和样线法收集四川鞍子河保护地内水鹿和羚牛的实体、粪便和痕迹等点位信息,在得到水鹿124个、羚牛79个有效点位的基础上,结合15个环境因子,利用最大熵模型对保护地内水鹿和羚牛进行了栖息地适宜评价及其重叠性分析。结果表明:(1)水鹿和羚牛栖息地的适宜性评价结果均达到良好水平,其AUC值分别为0.888和0.813;(2)水鹿适宜和较适宜栖息地主要分布在保护地的中、南部海拔1474—3336 m区域,面积分别为943.23 hm~2和3390.15 hm~2,分别占保护地总面积的6.25%和22.48%;(3)羚牛适宜和较适宜栖息地主要分布在保护地中、西部海拔1467—3823 m区域,面积分别为1808.37 hm~2和8384.35 hm~2,分别占保护地总面积的11.99%和55.59%;(4)水鹿和羚牛生态重叠指数较高,其D和I值分别为0.6739和0.9098,适宜和较适宜栖息地重叠面积分别达261.10 hm~2和2048.41 hm~2,且主要集中在保护地中、南部低山河谷区,受人为活动影响大。加强水鹿、羚牛、斑羚等同域偶蹄目动物的食性研究以及食性特征与栖息地选择利用之间的相关性是未来的研究方向之一。

Habitat suitability assessment and overlap analysis of Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor in Anzihe Reserve, Sichuan Province

Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor are national key protected wildlife in China. Understanding the spatial distribution pattern and the habitats utilization of endangered species is a priority for developing the appropriate protection and management strategies. In this paper, the data based on the entity, feces and traces of Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor were collected with the infrared cameras and line transect method in Anzihe protected areas of Sichuan Province. Based on 124 valid sites of Rusa unicolor and 79 valid sites of Budorcas taxicolor, and combined with 15 environmental variables, the habitat suitability of Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor in the protected areas was evaluated by MaxEnt model. The results suggested that: (1) the evaluation results of habitat suitability of Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor reached a good level, and their Area Under Curve (AUC) values were 0.888 and 0.813, respectively. (2) The suitable and relatively suitable habitats of Rusa unicolor were mainly distributed in the middle and south part of the protected areas, with altitudes ranging from 1474 to 3336 m, and the areas were 943.23 hm² and 3390.15 hm², respectively, accounting for 6.25% and 22.48% of the total protected areas. (3) The main sites of suitable and relatively suitable habitats of Budorcas taxicolor were mainly distributed in the middle and western part of the protected areas, where altitudes ranged between 1467 to 3823 m, and the areas were 1808.37 hm² and 8384.35 hm², respectively, accounting for 11.99% and 55.59% of the total protected area. (4) The ecological overlap index of Rusa unicolor and Budorcas taxicolor was comparatively high,with the D value of 0.6739 and the I value of 0.9098. The overlap area of suitable and relatively suitable habitats reached 261.10 hm² and 2048.41 hm², respectively. The overlap area, greatly affected by human activities, was mainly located around the low hills and river valleys in the middle and south of the protected areas. In the future, it is quite necessary to conduct further research on the correlation between the preferences dietary and habits of Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus goral. This will benefit the decision-making and thus result in better-informed and more robust decisions.