基于“格局-过程-质量”的盐城滨海湿地生境变化分析

生境质量是生态系统重要的服务功能之一,研究生境质量-格局-过程的内在联系,对于区域生态系统功能维护与可持续管理具有重要意义。以江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区核心区为研究对象,以1992年、2000年、2011年、2017年遥感影像和2011年土壤水分/盐度为基础数据源,基于InVEST模型开展生境质量评估,并通过多元回归模型、景观过程模型,探讨生境质量与景观格局、生态过程的关系,模拟区域生境质量时空变化。结果表明:(1)1992—2017年,芦苇沼泽面积百分比从0.13%增长到36.95%;米草沼泽面积百分比从3.05%增加到35.42%;碱蓬沼泽先增后减,面积百分比减少到5.11%。(2)1992—2011年,生境质量指数从0.85下降至0.76,降低了10.52%。2011—2017年,生境质量指数的变化与1992—2011年变化相反,生境质量指数上升至0.78。(3)多元回归分析结果显示:显著性水平α=0.01下,生态过程与景观格局显著相关,表明景观格局与生态过程是相互作用的;在α=0.10下,生境质量与生态过程、景观格局显著相关,总体相关系数为0.69,表明景观格局与生态过程共同影响着生境质量。(4)景观格局与生境质量模拟结果显示:至2030年,米草沼泽面积百分比将扩张至64.06%,碱蓬沼泽面积百分比将减少至0.04%,面临消失;生境质量指数将下降至0.65。互花米草扩张是生境质量下降的主要原因,构建"格局-过程-质量"的耦合关系,才能从生态过程上控制互花米草扩张,改变区域景观格局,优化生境质量,为世界自然遗产地的保护与建设提供参考。

Habitat change analysis based on the coupling relationship of pattern-process-quality in Yancheng coastal wetlands

Habitat quality is one of the significant ecosystem services, and studying the coupling relationship of habitat quality-pattern-process is of great significance to the maintenance and sustainable management of regionally ecological functions. In this paper, the core area of Yancheng National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu province being taken as the research object, we assessed the habitat quality by using InVEST model, discussed the relationship between habitat quality, landscape pattern and ecological process, and simulated the spatial-temporal change of habitat quality by using multiple regression model and landscape process model based on the remote-sensing images in 1992, 2000, 2011 and 2017 and the soil moisture/salinity in 2011. The results showed that: 1) from 1992 to 2017, the area percentage of Phragmites australis marsh increased from 0.13% to 36.95% and the area percentage of Spartina alterniflora marsh increased from 3.05% to 35.42%. The area percentage of Suaeda salsa marsh first increased and then decreased to 5.11%. 2) from 1992 to 2011, the habitat quality index decreased from 0.85 to 0.76, with a decrease of 10.52%. From 2011 to 2017, the change of habitat quality index was opposite to that from 1992 to 2011, and the habitat quality index increased to 0.78. 3) the results of multiple regression analysis showed that: the ecological process and landscape pattern were significantly correlated at the significance level 0.01, indicating that landscape pattern and ecological process were interactive. When the significance level was 0.10, the habitat quality was significantly correlated with the ecological process and landscape pattern, and the overall correlation coefficient was 0.69. 4) the results of landscape pattern and habitat quality simulation showed that the area percentage of Spartina alterniflora marsh would expand to 64.06%, and that of Suaeda salsa marsh area would decrease to 0.04% by 2030. Habitat quality index would decrease to 0.65. The expansion of Spartina alterniflora is the main reason for the decline of habitat quality. Constructing the coupling relationship of pattern-process-quality can control the expansion of Spartina alterniflora from the ecological process. It''s necessary to change the regional landscape pattern and optimize the habitat quality, thus providing reference for the protection and construction of world natural heritage sites.