镉胁迫下大豆生长发育的生理生态特征

采用土壤盆栽试验方法,研究了不同浓度Cd2+胁迫对大豆整个生长发育周期的生长以及叶片叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的生理生态适应性变化过程。结果表明,(1)Cd2+胁迫对大豆整个生活周期的叶绿素含量、POD活性、SOD活性及MDA含量的影响都是极显著的(P0.01);(2)短时间、低浓度的Cd2+胁迫对大豆植株的生长发育有刺激效应,高浓度、长时间的Cd2+胁迫对大豆植株构成明显的抑制效应;大豆株高增长开始受到抑制的Cd2+浓度为1.00mg·kg-1,远低于大豆生物量的增长开始受抑制的Cd2+浓度(2.50mg·kg-1);(3)当Cd2+浓度超过一定水平时,大豆植株生物量和株高的抑制程度与外源Cd2+浓度呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),对土壤Cd2+污染程度具有指示作用,且大豆植株高度与其生物量相比,株高对Cd2+污染具有更好的指示作用;大豆幼苗期叶绿素含量对镉的敏感性高于开花结荚期和成熟期的敏感性;(4)大豆POD、SOD活性的增加,能在一定程度上减轻Cd2+胁迫引起的膜脂过氧化造成的伤害作用;在Cd2+达到2.50mg·kg-1水平时,植物保护性酶系统活性的提高已经不足以弥补因Cd2+胁迫对大豆植株造成的伤害;大豆幼苗期和花荚期叶片的POD活性对土壤Cd2+污染程度具有较好的指示作用,而大豆花荚期和成熟期叶片的SOD活性对土壤Cd2+污染程度具有较好的指示作用;在Cd2+胁迫下大豆MDA含量增加,表明细胞膜脂过氧化作用加强。

Main characteristics of physiological-ecological dynamics of soybean during the growth cycle under Cd stress

Growth processes of soybean plants under the stress of different Cd2+ concentrations and the changes of chlorophyll contents,SOD(superoxide dismutase)activities,POD(Peroxidase)activities and MDA(malondialdehyde)contents in their leaves during the whole growth cycle were studied through pot experiments.The following results were obtained:(1)During the whole growth cycle of soybean plants,the influences of Cd2+ stress on chlorophyll contents,SOD activities,POD activities,and MDA contents in the leaves were ve...