常绿阔叶林植被动态研究进展

常绿阔叶林是亚热带地区的地带性植被，是亚热带陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，几十年来，中国的植物学家、生态学家对常绿阔叶林的区系成分、物种组成、外貌和结构、动态以及作为生态系统成员的功能等方面进行了大量的研究，积累了丰富的资料，取得了大量的研究成果，同时也在四川缙云山、浙江天童山、广东省鼎湖山和黑石顶、云南哀牢山、福建武夷山逐步形成了中国各具区域特色的常绿阔叶林研究基地，为常绿阔叶林的研究作出了突出的贡献。在常绿阔叶林的演替方面，研究内容从研究常绿阔叶林群落演替的过程、群落组成变化、结构动态及模型逐步向生态系统物质循环和能量流动发展，但对常绿阔叶林主要优势种动态、生理生态和群落演替机理等方面深入不够。在常绿阔叶林的更新动态研究方面，不但进行了通过研究种子雨和种子库的动态、种子的萌发、幼树生长的时空动态研究群落的更新，而且还通过研究林窗的形成、特征及其在森林动态中的作用来研究群落的更新，还进一步通过对常绿阔叶林主要树种更新植株的生理生态特性的研究来解释群落更新的原因。在常绿阔叶林退化和恢复重建研究方面，研究了常绿阔叶林各种退化生态系统的特征和恢复过程等，并将已有的理论和技术应用于退化生态系统的恢复和重建。即是以前人研究的成果为基础，从群落的演替、更新、退化和恢复等方面对我国多年来常绿阔叶林植被动态的研究作一总结。根据国内外的研究趋势提出了常绿阔叶林的动态方面急需开展3s技术在常绿阔叶林上的应用研究、常绿阔叶林的退化的生理生态机制、常绿阔叶林起源与系统发育、常绿阔叶的林保护与恢复生态学、常绿阔叶林重要物种的生理生态学和种群生物学、常绿阔叶林生态服务功能与区域可持续发展模式以及常绿阔叶林生态系统对全球变化的作用与响应机制等方面的研究。

Research advances in vegetation dynamic of evergreen broad-leaved forest

Broad-leaved evergreen forest is a zonal vegetation type and an important part of land ecosystems in subtropics of the world. In the past decades, Chinese botanists and ecologists have made great progresses in study of flora, species composition, physiognomy, structure, dynamics and functions of broad-leaved evergreen forest. Abundant data has been collected and a great number of papers have been published. At the same time, some demonstrative regions of broad-leaved evergreen forests with their own special regional features were established in Junyunshan Mountain (Sichuan Province), Tiantongshan Mountain (Zhejiang Province), Dinghushan Mountain and Heshiding Mountain (Guangdong Province), Ailaoshan Mountain (Yunnan Province), Wuyishan Mountain (Fujian Province). In the studies of succession, research has been coverd successive processes, community composition, structure dynamics, and successive models, and further studies were gradually focusing on ecosystem functions. However, studies of main population dynamics and physi-ecology in broad-leaved evergreen forest were still poor. In the studies of regeneration dynamics of broad-leaved evergreen forest, Chinese ecologists have made big progresses in time and spatial dynamics of seed rain, seed band, seed sprouting, young tree growth, forest gap and its roles in forest dynamics. Further more, mechanisms of broad-leaved evergreen forest succession were explained by studying physi-ecological characteristics of dominant species. In the studies of restoration and reconstruction of the forest, characteristics and restoration processes of some degraded broad-leaved evergreen forest ecosystems were investigated, and these theory and technologies were used to direct the practices of the forest restoration and reconstruction. Based on the above results, the forest dynamics in succession, regeneration, degeneration and restoration of broad-leaved evergreen forest were summerized in this paper. An outlook has been given according to domestic and international research trends, including integration of remote sensing, geographical information system and global position system, studies of forest dynamics, and degraded physi-ecological mechanisms, origins and phylogeny, forest protection and restoration ecology, physi-ecology and population biology of critical species, functional eco-service, sustainable development and impacts of global change on broad-leaved evergreen forest ecosystems.