大数据时代土壤微生物地理学研究综述

土壤蕴含极为丰富的微生物多样性,它们在物质分解、元素生物地球化学循环、植物生产力和生物健康中扮演着关键角色。理解土壤微生物的生物地理分布格局、形成机制与群落构建规则,有助于预测在全球变化背景下土壤微生物组的功能演变及其对陆地生态系统的调控影响。自21世纪以来,土壤微生物生物地理学在各种大型国际微生物计划的推动下逐步形成了分子生物学技术耦合大数据分析的模式,实现了多种尺度上的关联研究。阐述了土壤微生物在分布格局和群落构建规则方面的研究进展,重点介绍了分子生物学技术和大数据分析在土壤微生物生物地理研究中的应用,对土壤微生物生物地理学未来在微生物分类分辨率、模型验证与构建和功能基因地理学的发展方向进行了展望。

Advances and perspectives of soil microbial biogeography at big data era

Soil harbors a huge microbial biodiversity, which plays a key role in organic matter decomposition, element biogeochemical cycles, plant productivity and biological health. Understanding the geographical distribution and the community formation and assembly rules of soil microorganisms is helpful to predict the function evolution of soil microbiome and its regulatory impact on the terrestrial ecosystem under global change scenarios. Since the 21st century, the integrated approaches of molecular biology techniques in coupling with big data analysis have been applied and various large-scale international microbial projects have been launched to promote the research of microbial biogeography. In this review, firstly we evaluate the recent development of soil microbial biogeography and the current understanding of community assembly rules. We then introduce the approaches of molecular biology techniques coupling with big data analysis. Finally, the future development of soil microbial biogeography with a specific emphasis on classification resolution, model constructions-and-validations and gene biogeography were prospected.