放牧对五台山高山、亚高山草甸植被-土壤系统耦合的影响

以野外样地调查和室内分析的数据为基础,研究了放牧压力下五台山高山、亚高山草甸植被、土壤的变化特征,并利用灰色系统分析法,从群落和物种两个尺度探讨了放牧对五台山植被-土壤系统耦合的影响。结果表明:随着放牧压力的加大,土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量呈先下降后上升的非线性变化,在极度退化草甸下达到最大值;灰色关联分析表明土壤有机质和全氮与群落地上生物量、物种多样性、群落总盖度的关联度较高,土壤有机质、全氮对群落特征变化有一定影响;在受到强度干扰时,植物群落优势物种由原生种向退化种发生替代变化。系统耦合度的定量研究表明,现有的放牧强度已经使五台山山地草甸的植被-土壤系统的耦合水平降低。草甸的退化不仅仅是植被与土壤的衰退,也导致两个子系统耦合关系的减弱,使系统表现出相悖的发展趋势。

Impacts of grazing on the system coupling between vegetation and soil in the alpine and subalpine meadows of Wutai Mountain

The subalpine and alpine meadow vegetation of Wutai Mountain,distributed in altitude from about 2400m a.s.l.through to 306 1m a.s.l.at the summit,serves as the largest summer mountainous pasture for cattle grazing around the local area in Northern China.The degradation of meadow with different grades owing to overgrazing in different extents has been observed in both vegetation and soil.Considering some features of vegetation,i.e.,the coverage,the aboveground biomass,the ratio of annual to biennial plants i...