生态工业园区生态系统理论及调控机制

随着工业生态学理论的发展 ,尤其是循环经济理念的广泛推广 ,生态工业园区建设在全球范围蓬勃开展起来。然而 ,由于对生态工业园区生态系统结构、功能及其优化调控机制认识的不足 ,导致目前生态工业园区建设走入了单纯构建闭环链以实现废物循环利用的误区。本研究旨在剖析生态工业园区生态系统的特点 ,建立其生态系统概念模型 ,并阐释其优化调控机理。为此 ,作者首先深入分析了生态工业园区生态系统的特点 ,阐释了技术流和知识流在该类生态系统功能中的重要性 ,在此基础上提出了基于社会子系统、环境子系统、经济子系统和资源子系统的四维一体生态工业园区复合生态系统结构框架 ,并给出了系统功能协调度、调节费用及其系统效益之间的理论变化曲线。其次 ,作者又从生态系统功能流的角度分析了其物质流、能量流、信息流、价值流、技术流和知识流 ,并给出了各功能流的表征指标和衡算方法。另外 ,从系统优化调控的角度提出了基于绿色招商和绿色供应链管理的生态工业园区生态系统控制管理体系。最后 ,以苏州工业园区为例 ,对其生态系统做了优化研究

Theory and control mechanism of eco-industrial parks

Following the development of Industrial Ecology (IE) and the widespread promotion of Circular Economy (CE), Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) have been rapidly developed throughout the world. An EIP is a district where enterprises are organized according to industrial symbiosis and Circular Economy. It aims to optimize the integrated benefits of environment, economics, and society in the park. However, there is a limited understanding of EIP ecosystematic structure, function and optimized control mechanism. As a result, almost all the present EIPs are inappropriately designed as a closed loop or network to merely recycle waste. This is especially true in China. Unfortunately, such a narrow thinking of EIPs, deeply embedded in decision-makers' mind, has already imposed significant impacts in the development of EIPs in China. This research tries to raise the question and establish the theory of analyzing and optimizing EIP ecosystem. The paper analyzes the ecosystem characteristics of EIP. It illustrates the importance of technology and knowledge in EIP ecosystem. It also demonstrates that the conventional theory of complex ecosystem cannot explain ecosystem function in EIPs. Based upon the above analysis, the research proposes a comprehensive ecosystem structure for EIPs. This structure is built upon the following four sub-ecosystems: society, environment, economics, and resources. The paper then provides a theoretic curve that illustrates the interaction among coordinating degree index, coordinating cost, and ecosystem benefits. The results show that the coordinating cost first increases moderately while the coordinating degree increases. When the coordinating degree reaches a certain point, the cost increases dramatically. In addition, the paper analyzes the flows of materials, energy, information, value, technology, and knowledge from the perspective of ecosystem function. It also provides indicators and formula for calculating the flows. At the same time, the authors provide an optimal control mechanism of ecosystem management. On the basis of green business recruiting (GBR) and green supply chain management (GSCM), the proposed mechanism integrates point and process control principles of Green Supply Chain into EIP management systems. In the end, the research provides a case study of Singapore-China Suzhou Industrial Park.