典型山区生态系统服务对居民福祉影响的空间差异及动态特征——以川西山区为例

明确山区生态系统服务对居民福祉的局域空间影响是开展生态系统可持续管理决策的重要基础,对助推山区人地协调发展具有积极促进作用。基于2000、2005、2010和2015年4期土地利用数据和社会经济数据,以西部典型山区川西为案例,采用生态系统服务价值当量评估法和人类福祉框架构建指数评估模型,通过地理加权回归（GWR）探析生态系统服务对县域居民福祉的空间驱动特征与动态变化,识别影响福祉的主导生态系统服务因子。结果表明：（1）川西山区居民福祉呈同质集聚,空间依赖关系逐步减弱,"高-高"与"低-低"集聚在南北分异明显。（2）全域上生态系统服务因子对居民福祉具有显著负向影响,阻滞效应趋于减缓。（3）局域空间上影响系数具有方向和程度异性,西部减量效应明显,阿坝州和凉山州东北部增量效应显著,敏感程度从东南向西北梯次递减,负向敏感性强于正向敏感性,空间差异随时间变化趋于缩小。（4）供给与文化服务是影响川西山区居民福祉的关键生态系统服务,主控区域随时间变化在川西东北部和西部交替。山区生态资源红利释放应以新发展理念为导向,通过生态文明建设、生态经济提质、资源有偿使用和生态补偿制度设计助推生态资源价值创造与转换,实现山区可持续发展。

Spatial heterogeneity and dynamic features of the ecosystem services influence on human wellbeing in the West Sichuan Mountain Areas

Mountain area is an important natural resource supplier and ecosystem service provider. Understanding the heterogeneous influence of ecosystem services on human wellbeing is the premise for scientific ecosystem management, which is conducive to the sustainable development of human-land system in mountains. Taking the West Sichuan Mountain Areas in the eastern edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau as case research object, as the important ecological barriers of upper Yangtze and Yellow River, where is the most vulnerable and poverty concentrated zone in the west. By utilizing the evaluation method for ecosystem service value (ESV) based on per unit area and the framework of human development index (HDI), the ESV model and HDI model were established on the basis of the land use data and social economic data in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Additionally, geographic weighted regression model (GWR) was applied to diagnose the spatial driving characteristics and dynamic changes of ecosystem services on human wellbeing. The dominant ecosystem service factors were emphatically discussed. The results indicated that:(1) human wellbeing in the West Sichuan Mountain Areas showed homogeneous agglomeration but gradually weakened over time, with "high-high" and "low-low" group concentrated in the south and north, respectively. (2) Regression coefficients indicated that the higher ecosystem service could result in the lower wellbeing on the whole, however the adverse effect tended to slow down. (3) Apparently, influence of ecosystem service factors on human wellbeing varied in local area. The negative effect was obvious measured in the west, while the positive effect was significantly estimated in Aba Prefecture and the northeast of Liangshan Prefecture. The sensitivity decreased from southeast to northwest. The negative influence is stronger than that of positive, the spatial difference of coefficient decreased with time. (4) Supply service and cultural service were found to be the key ecological factors affected wellbeing, the most sensitive area varied in the northeast and west over time. A win-win situation of economic and ecological system should be guided by new development concept. Constructing ecological civilization, establishing ecological zones, and improving the system of paid use of resources and ecological compensation are the main ways to promote ecological resource value creation.