贵州草海湿地越冬黑颈鹤觅食地与农耕地的空间关系研究

贵州草海湿地是世界上最大的黑颈鹤东部种群越冬地之一。黑颈鹤在草海越冬期极其依赖农耕地觅食存活，但当地人鸟争地冲突严重、觅食地萎缩加剧。为此，运用空间点格局分析及缓冲区叠加分析，探究黑颈鹤觅食地与农耕地空间关联性，并精确确定出重点保护管理区域，结果表明：1）研究期间，两年共在草海湿地周边农地确定黑颈鹤觅食点216处，其中家庭鹤觅食地99处、集群鹤觅食地117处，越冬种群中83%的个体依赖农耕区觅食；2）区域尺度上，家庭鹤与集群鹤的觅食点分布均为聚集分布，但集群鹤觅食点聚集程度较家庭鹤更高；觅食地与农耕地在空间聚类上呈正相关关系，并在3.2 km距离尺度下聚类程度最高；3）基于空间关联性，通过缓冲区叠加分析，共确定最适宜的农地觅食地53.74 km²，并划定2处重点核心保护区域及2处次重核心保护区域范围。研究结果对于揭示区域尺度上黑颈鹤觅食地与农耕地空间关系，指导保护管理者加强重点区域管理，以及对区域土地利用规划和缓解人鸟争地矛盾，具有重要的理论与实践意义。

Spatial relevancy between foraging sites of overwintering Black-necked Cranes and farming lands in Caohai Wetland, Guizhou, China

The overwintering site is the key period that affects the population dynamics of migratory birds, and the quality of overwintering habitat plays an important role in the survival of the overwintering population. The Black-necked Crane is rated on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (VU) and is also a national first-class protected wildlife in China. It is the only crane among the 15 known species that lives on the plateau all year round. Caohai Wetland is located in the Guizhou Plateau, and it is the largest overwintering site for the Black-necked Crane worldwide. During the wintering period in the Caohai Wetland, the survival of Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) heavily depends on the farmland due to their foraging activities. However, there is a very fierce competition between humankind and cranes for the local land, which has led to an increased shrinkage of foraging habitats. By using the spatial point pattern analysis and overlay analysis on the buffer zone, this research aims to explore the correlation between the foraging habitats of Black-necked Crane and farmland, as well as precisely determine the key protection and administrative areas. The results are as follows:1) During the research period of two years (2016-2017, 2017-2018), a total of 216 foraging habitats of the Black-necked Crane were discovered in the surrounding farmlands at the Caohai Wetland. Among these habitats, 99 were foraging habitats of family groups and 117 were foraging habitats of flocking groups. Importantly, about 83% of the cranes depended on the farmland for foraging during the wintering period. 2) In terms of regional scale, the foraging habitats distribution of family groups and flocking groups were both aggregated; however, the aggregation degree of flocking groups was higher than that of the family groups. The foraging habitats and farmland were positively correlated in terms of spatial clustering and demonstrated a maximum clustering degree at the distance of 3.2 km. 3) Based on the spatial association, via the overlay analysis on the buffer zone, a total of 53.74 km² of farmlands were confirmed as the most suitable foraging habitats. Additionally, two primary core protection zonesand two secondary core protection zones were also delineated. The results have important theoretical and practical significance as they assist in revealing the spatial relationship between the foraging habitats and farmland at a regional scale, guiding the protection administrators to enhance administration on key zones and improving the regional land utilization planning and mitigation of land competition between humankind and cranes.