生态补偿对大熊猫栖息地周边农户生态足迹的影响

大熊猫栖息地正面临破碎化和人类活动干扰的威胁,如何减少这些威胁成为保护大熊猫这一生态旗舰物种的关键.通过实施生态补偿项目,充分考虑当地弱势群体生存和发展的权利,帮助其进行生计替代和能源替代,以减小生态系统所承受的压力.以120个项目农户作为研究对象,利用生态足迹方法,探讨了生态补偿项目对生活在关键生态区域内农村人口的影响.结果表明,在各种生态生产性土地中,农户对林地和草地生态占用最大,能源替代可以大幅降低农户的薪柴消耗水平,从而降低农户对林地的生态占用.通过调整农户的牲畜养殖模式,减小了放牧对草地资源的压力和对草地的生态占用.农户人均生态足迹由2005年的2.7346hm2减小至2007年的1.6325 hm2,对周边环境的压力降低,有利于保护和恢复珍稀野生动植物栖息地.

The impact of ecological compensation on farmers' ecological footprint: an empirical study on Giant Panda habitat

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat is under threat of fragmentation and disturbance from human being. How to reduce the threat is a cornerstone in the conservation of this flagship species. In order to get this objective, an ecological compensation project, with the sufficient consideration on recipients′ rights in survival and development, helped the farmers develop alternative livelihood and energy substitution to reduce their pressure on surrounding environment. Based on the ecological footprint (EF) concept, this study investigates 120 households to explore the influence of the ecological compensation on the household ecological footprints. The result indicated that the farmers occupied largest land area in "Forest" and "Pasture". Energy substitutions reduced fuel wood consumption dramatically and farmers′ occupancy on forest land. Farmers′ occupancy on grass land decreased with the adjustment of livestock breeding method. The recipients′ EF per capita declined from 2.7346hm2 (2005) to 1.6325 hm2 (2007), which demonstrated that ecological compensation can reduced local poor people′s EF and pressure on neighborhood environment, and this will benefit wildlife conservation.