世界林业生态工程对比研究

在全面分析世界２０多个著名林业生态工程建设情况的基础上，对其中１１个重点工程的建设规模、工程范围、投入资金、建设期限和启动时间进行了单因素对比分析，并用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）对各大工程进行了多因素综合评价，结果表明，世界１０大林业生态工程及其排序依次是：中国三北及长江中下游等地区防护林体系建设工程（ＴＮＹＲ）、天然林保护工程（ＮＦＰ）、退饼还林工程（ＣＣＦ）、野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设工程（ＷＣＮＲ），美国“罗斯福工程”（ＲＳ），前苏联“斯大林改造大自然计划”（ＳＲＮ），加拿大“绿色计划”（ＧＰ），日本“治山计划”（ＣＭＰ），北非五国“绿色坝工程”（ＧＤＦＣ），中国重点地区速生丰产用材林基地建设工程（ＦＨＴＦ）。

The Comparison Study on Forestry Ecological Projects in the World

The basic conditions of more than 20 famous forestry ecological projects in the world are introduced, and among them, the 11 important projects are analyzed on scale, scope, investment, period and start\|up time (means the period from initiation to now) in single factor and multi\|factors using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results using AHP shows that the 10 largest forest ecological projects in the world are: Chinese Three\|north and Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Shelter\|belt Forest Development Project(TNYR), Chinese Natural Forest Protection Project(NFP), Chinese Conversion Croplands into Forests Project(CCF), Chinese Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Development Project(WCNR), American Roosevelt Project(RS), former Soviet Stalin Rebuild Nature Plan(SRN), Canadian Green Plan(GP), Japanese Combating Mountains Plan(CMP), the Green Dam Project of the Five Countries in northern Africa(GDFC) and Chinese Fast\|growing and High\|yielding Timber Forest Development Project(FHTF). The result using single factor comparison indicate that the scale and scope of six Chinese projects are larger and investment was higher than those of foreign five ones. The period and start\|up time of foreign great Projects are longer than those of Chinese ones except TNYR. The start\|up time of Chinese great projects (not including TNYR) is from 1 year to 4 years, and that of foreign ones at least 12 years, generally more than 30 years, even up to 67 years. The result shows the strength and resolution that Chinese government thoroughly improve ecology environment. At the same time, it indicates that Chinese forestry ecology construction is just starting, and has more work to do. The development of Chinese and foreign forestry ecological projects is basically similar. This shows that the desire of people thirsting for good nature and environment is accordant as well as the ways of forestry ecological projects construction, in spite of the difference of countries and cultures. Compared with foreign forestry ecological projects, Chinese ones have their own features. The NFP is the important contribution of Chinese government to world ecology construction, and the model of combining combat with protection, which won extensive praise in the world. There are 1.3 billion people in China, and about 0 8 billion people are farmer. In order to improve ecology and bring benefits to offspring, Chinese government offers 300 billion RMB yuan to realize the CCF, which is unique in the history of foreign important ecological projects. The FHTF will thoroughly solve the problem of Chinese timber shortage, and is the only Project combining ecological projects with industry development. Those are enough to indicate the strength and verve that our government combats environment.