四川地震灾区灾后一年农村小兽监测报告

为了了解四川汶川5.12大地震后灾区害鼠的种群数量变化和群落演替,预防鼠传疫病的发生,指导灾后的媒介生物控制和鼠源疫病防控。从2008年6月至2009年6月,每月对重灾区的都江堰、彭州、什邡、绵竹、北川和汶川6地灾区进行1次小兽(鼠情)监测。选择农田和村庄2种主要生境,采用夹日法进行调查。其中农田生境的捕获率达7.35%,主要捕获到啮齿目(Rodentia)和食虫目(Insectivora)两类,其中啮齿目为1.49%,食虫目鼩鼱科(Soricidae)为5.86%。捕获的种类有褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)、大足鼠(Rattus nitidus)、黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)、小家鼠(Mus musculus)、黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarias)、巢鼠(Micromys minutus)、针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)与臭鼩(Suncus Murinus)。村庄区域的捕获率为12.50%,主要捕获的亦是食虫目鼩鼱科的四川短尾鼩,高达10.02%,啮齿目的捕获率为2.48%。捕获的种类有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠和四川短尾鼩。结果表明,经过灾后的各种控制措施,鼠害得到有效的控制,啮齿目种类的捕获率基本低于3%。但食虫目鼩鼱科的捕获率较高,特别是都江堰、彭州、什邡、绵竹四地的四川短尾鼩种群数量高于已有报道的同期水平,并维持较高的繁殖力,且大量进入房舍区域。另外,黑线姬鼠的繁殖率也不低。需密切关注四川短尾鼩和黑线姬鼠种群动态趋势。据以往类似研究结果,结合初步调查数据和从控制鼠传疾病的角度考虑,灾区鼠情的监测要有中长期的思想准备,至少持续3a以上时间。

Report on the surveillance of the population fluctuations of small mammal (include Insectivora and Rodentia) in earthquake area of Sichuan, China

To provide information on population dynamics and community succession of disease vectors (including Insectivora and Rodentia) after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan China, we conducted regular surveys of small mammals. Small mammals in farmland and residential areas were collected with snap-traps every month in Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Shifang, Mianzhu, Beichuan and Wenchuan, areas near the earthquake epicenter and that sustained serious damage. From 15933 traps, we collected 1171 small mammals in farmland for 13 months after June 2008. The animals trapped belonged two categories: Rodentia (the trap success was 1.49%) and Soricidae of Insectivora (the trap success was 5.86%). Anourosorex squamipes was the dominant species in Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Shifang and Mianzhu. Apedomus agrarius was the dominant species in Beichuan and Wenchuan. Rattus norvegicus, Rattus nitidus, Rattus tanezumi, Mus musculus, Micromys minutes, Niviventer fulvescens and Suncus murinus were also trapped. From 1696 traps set in residential areas, we trapped 212 animals. (the trap success was 12.50%). A. squamipes was also the dominant species (the trap success was 10.02%), followed by R. tanezumi, M. musculus, R. norvegicus and R. nitidus. Because of intense application of rodenticide after the earthquake, the densities of Rodentia both in farmland and in residential areas were low. However, the densities of Soricidae were still high. Moreover, the numbers of pregnant females of two dominant species (A. squamipes and A. agrarius) were high, especially A.squamipes. According to these and other surveys, which show short-term effects of the earthquake and of intensive application of anticoagulant on rodent populations, surveys will likely need to be carried out for more than three years in the earthquake area.