新疆野生多伞阿魏生境土壤理化性质和土壤微生物

对新疆准尔盆地南缘的野生多伞阿魏(Ferula ferulaeoides(Steud.)Korov)生境的土壤理化性质和土壤微生物进行了研究。结果表明:阿魏土壤的pH值范围在8.50—10.38之间;含水率1.94%—4.33%;速效氮(碱解氮)含量在7.18到38.01mg/kg之间,随土层深度的增加而迅速递减;速效磷的含量在1.65到7.79 mg/kg之间,随土层深度的增加而迅速递减;速效钾含量在140.72到363.78 mg/kg之间;有机质含量在5.47到13.89 g/kg之间。在各样地每克土中土壤微生物的平均数量分别为:细菌为1.75×105,放线菌为1.04×105,真菌为2.65×103。细菌主要生活在0—10 cm的表层,10 cm以下数量变化不大;而放线菌和真菌则主要分布在中间两层,即10—20 cm和20—30 cm。

On the physical chemical and soil microbial properties of soils in the habitat of wild Ferula in Xinjiang

Wild Ferula, a rare wild medicinal plant in Xinjiang, are declining sharply in recent years, with some species even on the verge of extinction. In addition to the known human causes (such as a large number of land clearing, over-excavation, etc.), we want to know whether it is relate to the natural environment. Hence in this paper, taking wild Ferula growing in the southern Junggar Basin as the research object, the physical, chemical and soil microbial properties of soils in its habitats were studied. Results show that the physical environment of wild Ferula was very poor. The soil pH was high and varied from 8.50 to 10.38, belonging to alkaline and strongly alkaline soil, which is very unfavorable for nutrients absorption. The soil moisture contents were very low, from1.94% to 4.33%, so that water may be a very important ecological factor limiting population distribution. The soil nutrient was very poor in wild Ferula's growth habitat. Some essential elements of Ferula were deadly short and most of them varied significantly in different areas and soil layers. The available nitrogen contents were between 7.18 and 38.01mg/kg, decreasing rapidly with the soil depths. The available phosphorus contents were between 1.65 and 7.79mg/kg, also decreasing with the increase of soil depth. The topsoil ranks level 4, phosphorus deficient soil; 10-20cm layer is more phosphorus deficient, and below 20cm is even worse. The available K contents were from 140.7 to 363.78mg/kg, with the top layers as a K rich layer. The Organic matter contents were between 5.47 and 13.89g/kg, Most of the plots belong to relatively shortage range, with some below the standard of lacking. Bacteria were dominant species, about 1.5 to 2 times more than actinomycetes and 60 to 80 times more than fungi. The average numbers of microbial organisms per gram were: bacteria 1.75×10⁵, actinomycetes 1.04×10⁵, fungi 2.65×10³. Most bacteria lived in surface soil layer (0-10cm). There is hardly any change below 10cm. However, most of actinomycetes and fungi lived in middle soil layer (10-20cm and 20-30cm). All of these showed that Ferula, a valuable and rare medicinal plant, gradually became a rare or endangered species, mainly because of its poor habitat, in addition to human factors. More research is needed to study whether it is related to the plants themselves.