新区开发建设及其生态效应——以雄安新区为例

雄安新区自2017年设立为国家级新区以来，已进行了大量的开发建设，但迄今尚未见对开发建设所产生的生态效应的研究报道。因此，选取2017年和2020年的Landsat 8影像，分别代表雄安新区未开始建设和建设3年后的两个时期来对此进行对比。利用遥感空间信息技术反演出2017—2020年雄安新区开发建设以来主要地表覆盖类型的变化，并采用遥感生态指数(RSEI)对这些地表覆盖类型变化产生的生态效应进行评估。结果表明：(1)雄安新区2017—2020年间的开发建设已使建筑用地面积增加了60.01 km²,水体面积增加了8.95 km²,植被面积减少了69.29 km²。雄安新区现阶段的开发建设主要集中在区内的容城县和雄县，而安新县的开发强度较小。(2)雄安新区2017—2020年间开发建设的生态效应体现在生态改善面积大于退化面积，生态等级良好以上的面积占比有所提升。因此，新区的生态质量总体略有上升，RSEI均值从0.668上升到0.677。但3个县的表现不一，雄县和安新县的生态有所提升，而容城县则略有下降。(3)雄安新区虽经开发...

Analysis of regional development and its ecological effects: A case study of the Xiong'an New Area, China

Xiong''an New Area is a state-level development area established in 2017 and many buildings and roads have been developed in the area since then. Nevertheless, there were no researches on the ecological changes of the area caused by the development. To meet this requirement, two Landsat 8 images in 2017 and 2020 were selected in this paper to study the ecological effects of the areal development. The 2017 image was used to represent the period before the development of the Xiong''an New Area, whereas the 2020 image was to represent the period after three-year development. The development-induced main land cover changes in the Xiong''an New Area were revealed using remote sensing techniques. The remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) was used to evaluate the ecological changes of the new area in the period due to the land cover changes. The results showed that (1) the development of the Xiong''an New Area from 2017 to 2020 has caused an increase of 60.01 km² in built-up land, an increase of 8.95 km² in open water, and a decrease of 69.29 km² in vegetation. The development of the new area is currently concentrated in Rongcheng and Xiongxian counties, while Anxin county is less developed. (2) The development-induced ecological change in the period is characterized by the fact that the ecologically improved area is larger than the degraded area, and the area proportion of remote sensing based ecological index (RSEI) above good grade rose slightly during the period. Therefore, the overall ecological quality of the new area has increased slightly in the three years, showing by the increase of the mean RSEI from 0.668 in 2017 to 0.677 in 2020. Nevertheless, the presentations of the three counties were different. The mean RSEIs of Xiongxian and Anxin counties have increased, while the mean RSEI of Rongcheng County has decreased slightly. (3) The improvement of ecological quality in the Xiong''an New Area mainly benefited from its new planning thought that insisted on ecological priority and green sustainable development, as well as the implementation of several projects to improve ecological quality, such as the Qian-nian-xiu-lin forest project and the returning of cultivated land to water project that insure high blue and green proportions in the new area.