2000—2018年西秦岭景观格局变化及生态系统健康评价

西秦岭地区生态环境脆弱，人地矛盾日益加剧，区域景观格局变化及其生态系统健康演变趋势关系到区域生态安全。研究探讨2000—2018年西秦岭景观格局和生态系统健康状况的时空演变，采用2000—2018年的遥感数据，分析西秦岭的景观格局及其演变；并且在活力-组织力-反弹力(VOR)框架模型的基础上，结合生态系统服务能力和人类胁迫指标，分析西秦岭的生态系统健康状态及变化趋势。研究结果表明：西秦岭有三种优势景观，包括林地、耕地和草地，2000—2018年景观类型转移主要发生在这三者的互相转换；城镇用地的面积也处于增加的态势且增势较大。西秦岭景观扩张是通过大量小规模零散的斑块扩张实现的。由于秦岭生态保护的加强，西秦岭的景观异质性和破碎化程度在2005年出现转折点，景观类型呈均衡发展趋势。研究区超过60%面积的地区生态景观属于健康状态，且2000—2018年西秦岭的生态系统健康指数呈增加态势，生态系统的状态逐渐向好发展，但西秦岭的高寒山地以及秦岭与黄土高原复合边缘地带的生态脆弱区处于亚健康或不健康状态。研究成果对西秦岭生态脆弱敏感地带的生态保护与治理具有重要意义。

Landscape pattern changes and ecosystem health assessment in the Western Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2018

The changes of regional landscape patterns and evolution trend of ecosystem health are significant for regional ecological security in the Western Qinling Mountains due to its fragile environment and increasing human-land conflict. This paper discussed the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape pattern and ecosystem health in the Western Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2018. Landscape pattern in the Western Qinling Mountains was explored using remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018. The Vigor-Organization-Resilience model, the ecosystem service capacity and human disturbance were used to study the ecosystem health of the Western Qinling Mountains. The forest, cropland and grassland were three dominant landscapes in the study area. The transfers of landscape types mainly occurred in the mutual conversion of the three types from 2000 to 2018. In addition, the area of settlement has been increasing rapidly. The expansion of landscape types in the Western Qinling Mountains was realized through a large number of small-scale scattered expansion patches. There was a turning point in the landscape heterogeneity and fragility of the Western Qinling Mountains in 2005 and the landscape types showed a balanced development trend due to the strengthening of ecological protection. More than 60% of the ecosystem landscapes in the study area were in a healthy state, and the ecosystem health index of the Western Qinling Mountains increased from 2000 to 2018. However, the high-altitude ecologically fragile areas of the Western Qinling Mountains and the marginal zone of the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau were in sub-health or unhealthy state. The research results are of great significance for the ecological protection and management of the ecologically fragile and sensitive zone in the Western Qinling Mountains and in prove the stability of its ecosystem.