基于MSPA-连接度-空间句法的生态保护空间及优先级识别——以苏锡常地区为例

随着城市化进程的加快,对生态保护空间(Ecological Protect Area,EPA)进行优先级识别已经成为保护生物多样性,缓解城市生态压力,提高土地利用效率的重要方法之一。以苏锡常地区为例,通过形态空间格局分析(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis,MSPA)确定EPA,进而采用景观连接度方法对其优先级进行识别,以优先级较高的林地和水域为"源地",构建EPA网络;同时由于景观连接度方法在识别优先级时,未能体现EPA对物种决策的非等权重影响,因此本研究引入空间句法进一步对EPA进行优先级识别。结果显示:1)苏锡常地区EPA中编号1、2的林地以及太湖的优先级最高,是区域网络的3个中心,需要优先保护;2)引入空间句法的优先级识别结果与基于景观连接度的优先级识别结果存在明显差异,后者优先级较高的8个EPA,在引入空间句法后优先级降低1—2个等级;后者优先级较低的4个EPA的优先级则上升了2个等级。同时也表明:基于连接度-空间句法的EPA优先级识别方法能够反映不同景观要素对物种决策行为的非等权重影响,强化了生态要素的空间配置的生态效应,为明确关键性生态空间,提供了有效的方法补充,对保护生物多样性和维系区域生态安全具有重要意义。

Priority evaluation of ecological protect areas based on MSPA, landscape connectivity, and spatial syntax methods in the Su-Xi-Chang Region

With the acceleration of urbanization processes, priority identification of ecological protect areas (EPAs) has become an important method to protect biodiversity, alleviate urban ecological pressure, and improve land use efficiency. In this study, taking the Su-Xi-Chang region as a case study area, EPAs were identified using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA). The priority of EPAs was determined using the landscape connectivity method. High priority areas, such as forests and water bodies, were identified as the "source area" of the EPA network. However, the landscape connectivity method failed to reflect the unequal weight effect of EPAs on species decision making. Therefore, this study introduced a spatial syntax method to further determine the priority of EPAs. The results showed that:1) forestland No. 1 and 2, and Taihu Lake were identified with the highest priority in the Su-Xi-Chang region. They were the three centers of the EPA network that required prioritized protection; 2) there were remarkable differences between the results of priority recognition using landscape connectivity and the spatial syntax method. For example, the priority of eight EPAs determined using the landscape connectivity method decreased by 1 to 2 levels after combining it with the spatial syntax method. However, the priority of another four EPAs determined using the landscape connectivity method increased by 2 levels after combining it with the spatial syntax method. Therefore, the combined connectivity-spatial syntax method for priority identification of EPAs could reflect an unequal weight influence of different landscape elements on species decision-making behavior and the ecological effect of spatial configuration of ecological elements. The combined method could also provide an effective method for identifying key ecological spaces and is of great significance for protecting biodiversity and maintaining regional ecological security.