基于生态系统服务视角的山水林田湖草生态保护与修复——以洞庭湖流域为例

山水林田湖草系统保护与修复的重要目标是维护和提升区域生态系统服务。基于山水林田湖草生命共同体理念，以维护和提升人类福祉所需的重要生态系统服务为目标，提出生态系统服务视角下的山水林田湖草系统治理框架，以实现流域生态系统整体保护、质量提升和格局优化。基于该框架，以洞庭湖流域为例，通过流域生态系统格局、生态系统质量状况分析、流域生态系统服务重要性评估和生态问题识别，构建流域生态安全格局，为实现可持续的山水林田湖草生命共同体提出系统保护与修复布局建议。通过洞庭湖流域的分析案例为流域山水林田湖草生态保护与修复重要区域的识别提供了可借鉴的指标和定量分析方法，为流域尺度构建生态安全格局、实现山水林田湖草系统保护和修复提供思路和途径。

Ecological protection and restoration of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland based on the perspective of ecosystem services: a case study in Dongting Lake Watershed

The important goal of protection and restoration of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland is to maintain and enhance the regional ecosystem services. Based on the concept of life community of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland, and aiming at maintaining and improving the important ecosystem services needed for human well-being, we proposed a systematic governance framework of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland from the perspective of ecosystem services to achieve the overall protection, quality improvement, and pattern optimization of the ecosystem in the watershed. On the basis of the framework, taking the Dongting Lake Basin as a case, the ecological security pattern of the basin was constructed through the analysis of ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality, the importance assessment of ecosystem services and the identification of ecological problems in the basin, and the suggestions of systematic protection and restoration layout were given for realizing the sustainable life community of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland. This paper provides referable indices and quantitative analysis methods for identifying the important areas of ecological protection and restoration of forest, wetland, grassland and cropland in the basin, as well as thoughts and ways for constructing ecological security pattern at the basin scale to realize the systematic protection and restoration of ecosystem.