植物对盐分空间不均匀分布的形态和生理响应研究进展

盐胁迫是干旱、半干旱地区以及灌溉土地主要的非生物胁迫,是影响农业生产的主要不利环境因子之一。随集约化灌溉农业的发展、水资源的缺乏、气候干旱带来的蒸发量的增加,土壤及地下水盐渍化程度不断增加。自然界中,土壤盐分在时空上呈不均匀分布。关于植物对均匀盐胁迫的响应研究报到较多,然而植物对不均匀盐胁迫的响应研究报道较少。分析了国内外植物适应不均匀盐胁迫的研究案例,从植物地上部分生长、地下部分生长、水分调节、光合作用以及离子调控等方面阐述植物适应盐分不均匀分布的生理机制,并提出展望。

A review of plant morphology and physiological response to spatially heterogeneous salinity

Salt is a major abiotic stressor in arid, semi-arid, and irrigated areas. The expansion of irrigated agriculture and the intensive use of water resources combined with high evaporation rates, leads to increasing salinity in soil and ground water. Soil salinity is rarely spatially uniform in field conditions. Numerous studies on plant physiological responses to salinity have been conducted using uniform conditions; however, only a few studies have investigated the physiology of plants grown in nonuniform root-zone salinity conditions. This paper summarizes domestic and international case studies of plant response to heterogeneous salinity. Mechanisms of plant growth under heterogeneous salinity were illustrated by plant shoot growth, root growth, water relations, photosynthesis, and ion regulation. Finally, research prospects for this domain are presented.