重点脆弱生态区生态恢复的综合效益评估

全球变化和人类活动的剧烈影响导致对人类福祉至关重要的生态系统功能和服务的改变,生态系统退化已成为全球面临的严重问题之一。综合评价生态恢复效益是目前衡量恢复工程实施效果的重要途径。以中国重点脆弱生态区为研究对象,选取产水、土壤保持、食物供给、固碳4项服务,构建研究区生态恢复综合效益评估指标体系,并通过Welch T方法检验恢复显著和不显著区生态系统服务指标,对比分析研究区生态恢复综合效益的变化情况。结果表明:2000年到2015年,生态恢复工程的实施使脆弱区生态系统服务整体增长20.86%;综合效益由波动变化转为稳定,并稳定在其均值0.55附近,其中喀斯特区综合效益最高,达0.75以上;生态系统类型变化主要是农田、森林、草地和聚落生态系统之间的转移,森林和草地生态系统的增加使得生态系统服务水平升高;T检验的结果表明生态恢复带来综合效益的改善和生态系统服务能力的提高。

Comprehensive benefit evaluation of ecological restoration in key fragile ecological areas in China

The dramatic impact of global change and human activity has led to changes in ecosystem functions and services that are vital to human well-beings. Consequently,ecosystem degradation has become a serious problem globally. Comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of ecological restoration is an important way to measure the effects of implementation of restoration projects. In this study, China''s key fragile ecological regions were selected as research objects. Four typical services were selected, including water production, soil conservation, food supply, and carbon sequestration, to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for ecological restoration in the research area. Welch''s t test was used to test restoration of ecosystem services in significant and insignificant regions and to comparatively analyze changes in the ecological restoration benefits in the study area. The results showed that from 2000 to 2015, the implementation of ecological restoration projects increased the overall ecosystem services of the fragile area by 20.86%.The comprehensive benefit changed from volatility to stability and stabilized around the mean value 0.55.The comprehensive benefit values of the karst area were the highest, reaching greater than or equal to 0.75. The changes in ecological system types were mainly the transformation between farmland, forest, grassland, and settlement ecosystems. The increase in forest and grassland ecosystems promoted the level of ecosystem service. The results of the t test indicated that ecological restoration led to an increase in comprehensive benefits and ecosystem services.