粤北南岭大宝山矿流域山水林田湖草修复阻力与优先级分析

遵循“防源、控流、治汇”理念,以粤北南岭大宝山矿区作为风险源,以所在流域为研究区,分析研究区主要阻力因素,采用最小累积阻力模型建立区域生态阻力面;利用Jenks自然断点法,分析生态修复优先级,提出分区治理重点和对策。研究结果表明：研究区综合阻力系数处于9-32之间,各评价指标的阻力面空间分布格局相似,其阻力值呈现出东南部大,西北部小的空间格局;长期的矿业开采污染了流域生态环境,且距离矿区越近的区域生态修复的优先性越高。将研究区分为4个优先级区,各区修复优先性依次为Ⅰ区 > Ⅱ区 > Ⅲ区 > Ⅳ区。Ⅰ区重点在于治水,提高pH、降低重金属有效态含量和增加地表植被覆盖度。Ⅱ区重点在于河流治理与治土,确保污染减排,增强拦泥库的废水调节。Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区核心在治土,逐步改善土壤条件。研究结果为修复项目在时空尺度上落地和科学治理提供科学依据。

Resistance and priority analysis of landscape forest fields, lakes, and grass restoration in Dabaoshan mining basin

Following the concept of "source prevention, flow control, and sink control", taking Dabaoshan mining area in nanling, north guangdong as the source of risk and the basin as a research area, the main resistance factors of the area were analyzed and studied. This paper utilized the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model to establish the regional ecological resistance surface, analyzed ecological restoration priorities using Jenks natural breakpoint method, and proposes key points and countermeasures for regionalized governance. The results show that the comprehensive resistance coefficient of the study area was between 9 and 32, and the spatial distribution pattern of the resistance surface of each evaluation index was similar, with a large resistance value in the southeast and a small spatial pattern in the northwest. Long-term mining has polluted the ecological environment of the basin, and the closer the mining area, the higher the priority of regional ecological restoration. The study area is divided into four priority areas, and the priority of each area is in turn:Area I > Area II > Area III > Area IV. Area I focuses on water control, increasing pH, reducing the available content of heavy metals, and increasing vegetation coverage. Area II focuses on river control and soil control, ensuring a reduction in pollution and enhancing the waste water regulation of sludge reservoirs. Areas III and IV focus on soil control, gradually improving soil conditions. The results provide a scientific basis for the landing and scientific management of restoration projects on spatial and temporal scales.