海洋可持续发展目标与海洋和滨海生态系统管理

海洋和海岸带可以为人类提供多种生态系统服务,保护与持续利用海洋资源以促进海洋和海岸带可持续发展已被正式纳入联合国可持续发展目标。实施海洋可持续发展目标面临几大挑战,包括如何减小陆基人类活动的影响、加强海岸带的综合管理、提高海洋资源效率、适应气候变化和提高沿海居民的人类福祉等。为应对这些挑战,需要将海洋和海岸带融合为一个大型生态系统,利用基于生态系统的管理方法,综合考虑各个部门和多种胁迫因素的累积影响,通过建立综合的海洋观测体系,合理划分海洋功能区,按照海洋环境承载力限制陆基人类活动,合理配置并有效利用海洋资源,提升海洋和海岸带生态系统的整体服务功能,从而进一步推进实施海洋可持续发展目标。

Sustainable Development Goals for oceans and marine and coastal ecosystem-based management

Ocean and coast can provide a variety of ecosystem services. "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources" has been addressed in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Challenges for the implementation of marine SDGs include how to reduce the impacts of land-based activities, strengthen integrated coastal management, improve marine resource efficiency, enhance climate change adaptation, and thus improve human well-being for coastal zone residents. To address these challenges, ocean and coasts should be integrated as a whole ecosystem and marine and coastal ecosystem-based management should be applied to take into account the cumulative impacts from multi-sectors and different stressors. Ecosystem services provided by ocean and coasts can be improved by setting up integrated marine observation system, performing reasonable marine zoning, reducing human activities based on the carrying capacity of marine environment, and ensuring reasonable allocation and use of marine resources. All these measures can move forward the implementation of marine Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).