北方风沙区生态修复的科学原理、工程实践和恢复效果

北方风沙区位于欧亚草原的东部,是我国生态环境最为脆弱的地区之一,其在北方生态安全屏障和丝绸之路经济带建设中具有十分重要的战略地位。在国家一系列生态保育工程的支持下,该地区的生态环境得到明显改善。但是,由于受人类活动和全球气候变化的影响,该地区仍然面临着严峻的环境压力。在中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)等项目支持下,开展了北方风沙区土地沙化成因及退化土地空间分布研究,集成了北方风沙区重点脆弱区生态恢复的理论和技术体系,以内蒙古中部的阴山北麓地区、内蒙古浑善达克沙地和蒙辽交界的科尔沁沙地为重点研究区域,进行了高效人工草地建植、天然草地恢复和管理、沙化草地治理等相关工程技术的示范,开展生态恢复模式的效果跟踪监测和生态效益评估,确定生态恢复技术和模式的技术参数和指标,明确不同集成技术与模式在北方风沙区的适用区域和范围,为技术模式的推广应用提供科学依据。通过上述研究,可以为中央和地方政府制定生态系统管理和退化生态系统恢复政策、建立我国北方生态安全屏障提供决策依据,为生态修复产业提供技术指南,为相关研究提供全面系统的基础数据支撑。

Principles, practices and effects of ecological restoration in the wind-blown sand hazards of North China

Located in the eastern part of the Eurasian steppe, the wind-blown sandland regions in north China are one of the most fragile ecosystem types. These ecosystems play strategically important roles in the construction of eco-security shelters and the Silk Road Economic Belt. Supported by a series of ecological conservation projects, the ecological environments in the region have greatly improved. However, because of ever-increasing anthropogenic disturbances and global climate change, this region is still facing serious environmental pressures. Under the support of a project entitled "Integration and Application of Ecological Restoration Technology in Key Fragile Ecoregions", we carried out research on the causes of land desertification and the spatial distribution of the degraded lands. By doing this, we integrated techniques and methods for ecological restoration in these fragile areas. This project is part of the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We implemented engineering practices for ecological restoration in the north of the Yinshan Mountains, Hunshandake Sandy Land, and the Kerqin Sandy Land. These practices included establishment of artificial pastures, adaptive management of natural grassland, and restoration of the degraded grasslands. By monitoring and assessing these practices, we identified and parameterized various models and techniques for the ecological restoration of desertified grassland in each of these regions. This research will promote the application of these techniques in the wind-blown sandland regions of North China. It will also provide a scientific basis for decision-making by the central and local governments to formulate ecosystem management and restoration policies, and provide technical guidance for the ecological restoration industry. These findings will also provide important information for relevant future research in this area.