基于生态系统服务能力提升的干旱区生态保护与修复研究——以额尔齐斯河流域生态保护与修复试点工程区为例

科学实施山水林田湖草生态保护与修复工程是我国态文明建设的必经之路，也是解决生态环境问题的重要举措之一。从额尔齐斯河流域山水林田湖草的生态特征与功能出发，对生态系统服务价值、生态系统质量和生态功能稳定性进行了分析。依据研究区的生态特点和地形地貌特征，基于最小阻力模型构建生态网络，结合识别出的退化生态源，构建了整个流域的生态格局。结果显示：（1）流域生态系统服务价值及生态质量的降低主要是人为活动导致的林草植被覆盖度下降造成的。（2）流域内有20.67%的地区生态质量严重恶化，亟需进行生态修复。（3）流域生态源呈现“西北到东南带状延伸，东北向西南交替出现”的空间格局，结合构建的21条各级生态廊道和9个重点生态节点，构成了全流域生态格局。（4）在流域生态保护与修复过程中，应按照以北部山区涵养生态功能、中部区域维护生态安全、南部荒漠保育生态环境的方式施行。（5）生态保护与修复应遵循自然规律，注重“山水林田湖草-人”生命共同体的整体保护与系统修复，坚持科学管理，推动生态系统的良性发展。

Study on ecological protection and restoration path of arid area based on improvement of ecosystem service capability, a case of the ecological protection and restoration pilot project area in Irtysh River Basin

Scientific implementation of ecological protection and restoration engineering in "mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands System (MRFFLGs)" is a way for the construction of China''s ecological civilization and also an important measure to solve the ecological and environmental problems. This article analyzes the ecological service value, ecosystem quality, and ecological function stability of ecosystems based on ecological characteristics and functions of MRFFLGs. The ecological network is constructed by the minimum cumulative resistance model based on the ecosystem and topographical features of the Irtysh River Basin. Combined with the identification of degraded ecological source areas, the complete and functional ecological structure is completed throughout the basin. The results indicated that (1) the decrease in the ecological service value and ecological quality of this basin was mainly caused by the decline of forest vegetation coverage resulted from human disturbance. (2) There was 20.67% of this basin with a serious deterioration of ecological quality, and the corresponding restoration was urgently needed. (3) The ecological source area of the basin presented a pattern of "west-to-southeast extension, alternating northeast to southwest". This ecological source areas combined with the 21 ecological corridors and 9 key ecological nodes constructed by the study formed the whole basin ecological pattern. (4)The basin should be ecologically protected and repaired in the manner of enhancing ecological function in the north, maintaining ecological security in the middle and sealing ecological environment in the south. (5) The ecological protection and restoration based on local conditions should follow the natural law, pay attention to the overall protection and system restoration of the MRFFLGs-Human being, and insist on the management of human activities and the protection and restoration of ecosystems.