中国喀斯特生态保护与修复研究进展

喀斯特生态系统是地球表层系统的重要组成部分。我国西南喀斯特地区以高强度农业活动为主,人地矛盾尖锐、石漠化严重,是我国最大面积的连片贫困区。在国家科技计划项目等的持续支持下,我国围绕喀斯特区生态修复与石漠化治理,系统开展了喀斯特生态保护与修复基础理论、技术研发、产业示范等研究,在喀斯特生态系统退化机理、石漠化治理技术与模式、生态治理助力脱贫攻坚、喀斯特景观资源保护、喀斯特国际合作等方面取得突出进展,引领了国际喀斯特学科发展。面对当前石漠化治理过程中产生的治理成效巩固困难、缺乏可持续性等新问题,未来喀斯特生态保护与修复研究应以增强生态治理的可持续性为导向,加强生态恢复过程机理与机制研究,提升喀斯特生态系统服务、提高生态恢复质量、巩固扶贫成果,实现石漠化治理的提质与增效,为"美丽中国"战略的贯彻实施及全球喀斯特地貌分布区所属国家的生态治理提供"中国方案"。

Progress on ecological conservation and restoration for China Karst

Karst is an important part of the surface earth system. Southwest China karst faces high pressure from agricultural activities and rocky desertification, the most serious eco-environmental problems in karst regions, as there is relatively less human and poverty pressure in the other karst regions of the world. Southwest China karst is the largest area of continuous poverty in China. In this study, we reviewed the progress on ecological conservation and restoration of China karst. For karst ecosystem conservation and restoration, the local and national Chinese governments have implemented a series of ecological restoration projects to combat rocky desertification and relieve poverty. Under the continuous support of scientific projects, researchers have been exploring the fundamental theories, treatment measures and technology, and industrial demonstration related to karst ecological restoration and rocky desertification treatment. China has achieved great progress on the karst ecosystem degradation mechanisms, rocky desertification treatment technology and measures, poverty alleviation with ecological restoration, karst landscape protection, and international karst research collaboration. All these achievements make China the leader of international karst research. Currently, rocky desertification in China is continuously decreasing with the implementation of large ecological restoration projects. However, intervention is facing new problems, such as the extensive investment and coarse subregions, difficulties for consolidation of restoration benefits, lack of sustainability for treatment, and lagged recovery of ecosystem services. Therefore, further ecological conservation and restoration in China karst should aim to enhance the sustainability of ecological restoration and pay more attention to the mechanisms and institution of recovery processes. For improving the quality and efficiency of rocky desertification restoration, we should highlight the promotion of karst ecosystem services and the consolidation of poverty relief in further ecological project implementation. It will provide scientific foundations for the implementation of the Beautiful China strategy and China''s solutions for ecological restoration in other karst countries.